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MODELS 4 Name Type Period None................Dugout Canoe..Bre Hist. None.... ....Birch Canoe.Fur Trade. None .....Early Mackinaw................1685 Nancy...............................Schooner...........................1789 Walk-in-the-Water...S.W. Steamer....1818 Challenge .Schooner...................1850 Michigan..............S.W. Steamer.... 1833 Milton................Scow Schooner... 1872 James F. Joy..........Barkentine 1872 Lucia Simpson.........Schooner..........1882 John Ericsson.........Whaleback Str...1900 Wilfred Sykes.........Bulk Carrier.... 1950. Later this year other models will be added to these, and as time goes on the continuity will be expanded to include all significant types of Great Lakes vessels. Other models displayed are: Frank E. Kirby. mechanized, visitor operated South American; Surf Boat; Detroit, the first boat to cross the Atlantic under gas power; Yantic, (See Jan.Telescope); brig Niagara, of Put-in-Bay fame; Yosemite, the light armored cruiser made famous in the Spanish-American War by the Michigan Naval Volunteers, and a model of Walk-in-the-Water, made with no other tool than a pocket knife, an excellent piece of craftsmanship. The schooner "J.T.Wing1' has a case all to herself, featuring a superb model b y the Kovach brothers of Detroit, and the Museum's Huron boat "Anna S.Piggott" also has her place in the sun. Other exhibits include many of the items which have come to the Museum through the kind cooperation of scores of donors without whom the Museum of Great Lakes History could not have prospered. We regret the impossibility of listing all such donors. They live in all parts of the Great Lakes basin, on both sides of the border, and their gifts remind one of the sign that once hung in front of a ship chandler's store, "Everything from a needle to an anchor." MARINE ENGINEERING by Robert Radunz Marine engineering, it is true, is but a branch of mechanical engineering which had its birth in the eighteenth century with the work of Newcomen and Watt, and most of the early marine engines differed little from land engines; but the application of steam power to ships presented so many new problems, gave rise to so many new inventions and led to such splendid achievements that its history claims special consideration. Then, too, the work of the early marine engineers led to a revolution in the design and construction of the ships themselves. The practicability of the application of the steam engine to boats was demonstrated almost simultaneously in America, Scotland and France. In this country, we know of the experiments made by Rumsey, Fitch, Stevens and Fulton. These trials were all carried out during the last two decades of the eighteenth century and the early years of the nineteenth century. It is interesting to note that we consider the idea of screw propulsion as a later invention in the history of marine engineering, yet the early pioneers such as Stevens and Fitch both experimented with screw propellers. August 17, 1807, is the date listed in history as the day that steam navigation began in the United States. On that memorable day "Fulton's Folly" the CLERMONT sailed up the Hudson River and steamboats became a regular means of transport. About ten years later on Lake Ontario, in April, 1817, the ONTARIO shoved off from Sacketts Harbor and steam navigation had traversed through the wilderness and arrived on the Great Lakes. The ONTARIO was followed by the FRONTENAC and in 1818 the WALK-IN-THE-WATER became the first steamboat west of the Niagara River. From this point on steam navigation forged steadily ahead on the Great Lakes, ships became larger, engines grew in horsepower.