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- 4 - Telescope tained the garrison. Nevertheless, there were several attempts to bring provisions and reinforcements from Fort Niagara at the other end of Lake Erie, as we shall read below. Reinforcements under Dalzell arrived at last in late July of 1763. But Dalzell spoiled the psychological advantage of his arrival by trying an ill-planned raid on Pontiac's camp. This time Pontiac was tipped off, and Dalzell's men never got there. Near the creek thereafter known as "Bloody Run" they were ambushed with heavy casualties, Dalzell being killed. Survivors were driven back to the fort. The blow won more Indian support for Pontiac's siege at Detroit. But the fort stayed British, and not even Pontiac's Indians would storm the palisade. In nearly-simultaneous uprisings elsewhere, equally dramatically, other British garrisons were exiled, captured or wiped out. These included the lake region forts St. Joseph, La Baye (at Green Bay), Michilimackinac (where a "ball game" ruse let the Indians into the fort), Sandusky, Le Boeuf and Presqu'Isle, and the more southerly forts Verango, Miami and Ouatanon. Indians ravaged the Pennsylvania frontier, isolating Fort Pitt and alarming Philadelphia. As Francis Parkman describes the situation of August, 1763, "except the garrison of Detroit, not a British soldier now remained in the region of the lakes." Through long cultivation of relations by Sir William Johnson, the British were able to keep the powerful Iroquois Indians neutral in the conflict. Early in 1764 two British armies advanced westward. Bradstreet led one to Lake Erie, and Bouquet the other to the Ohio River. Without much difficulty Bradstreet reached peace with his Indian adversaries. But his negotiations might have been worthless if Bouquet's effective army had not forcibly demonstrated its strength in the south. Until Indian wills cooled too far for Pontiac to ignite them again, Bouquet's army was available nearby. in 1851 The Conspiracy of Pontiac became the title of the first major work published by a young New England historian named Francis Parkman. He was only a short time out of Harvard, but led a vigorous life for a scholar, until his eyesight became strained, recalling the similar handicap of the historian Prescott. Henceforth Parkman's writings would largely involve Indians of North America. He had already become familiar with them first hand, first in northern New England and then in living among Dahcotah Indians in the west. His visits to sites involved in history also contributed to the freshness and vitality of his writing. Together with his thorough research, this compelling style prevents his work from becoming obsolete, even if necessarily amended here and there in the light of subsequent archaeology and anthropology. The Great Lakes were blessed with attention of a large part of his subsequent writings, in the monumental "France and England in North America." This nine-volume series studied the French colonies from earliest exploration up through the "French and Indian War." The Conspiracy of Pontiac forms a sequel to this series, illustrating France's waning influence. These works, and his better-known Oregon Trail, rank him with the most notable U. S. historians of the last century.