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6 MARINE REVIEW. plain its sub-marine capabilities. The boat has about 75 tons displacement, the hull weighing 20 tons, the ballast 30 tons, the storage battery cells 10 tons, engine and boiler and gearing 8 tons, and motor 3 tons, leaving 4 tons buoyancy. The normal draft of the boat leaves about two feet of the crown of the hull above water. 'The pilot and electrical engineer enters through a man-hole in the conning tower and the cover is drawn over and fastened, when the boat is air-tight. If it isconsidered that the lull contains 1,500 cubic feet of air, a sufficient supply for two men eighteen hours, the possibility of suffocation is removed. The electrically connected pump is started and two or three tons of water is pumped into the water bottoms, this additional weight leaving nothing of the boat above the surface except the top of the hull and conning tower. 'To sink directly down- ward the wheels are turned perpendicular to the shaft and the motor is,started. 'The amount of spare buoyancy determines the amount of power necessary to sink the boat. When the desired depth is attained then the propeller wheels are turned at an angle of about 45 degrees and the boat is propelled forward, neither rising nor sinking unless the pitch of the wheels is changed. When the commander or pilot wishes to ascend the machinery is stopped and the reserve buoyancy causes the boat to rise to the surface. Any accident that would stop the ma- chinery would also cause the boat to ascend. 'The storage bat- tery plant contains enough power to run'the boat three hours at a speed of eight miles an hour. 'The stability and capability of the boat to withstand heavy weather is unquestionable, but if it is desired to avoid a heavy storm it is only necessary to sub- merge the boat, ascending for fresh air occasionally. It pre- sents great possibilities in naval warfare. 'Their construction will not cost so much but that harbors of importance may be supplied with a small fleet of them. In case the fleet of an enemy should appear before some city unprotected from the sea, these torpedo boats could be sent out within a mile or two of the fleet, and after being submerged, move unobserved to within a few hundred feet of the enemy and launch a torpedo that would propel itself to the object of destruction. In addition to coast defense work, each large cruiser could carry one or two on deck, or, for better protection, in the hold. If the other fleet was found at anchor the sub-marine boats could be launched, do their work and save lives and powder by preventing the impend- ing combat. [ The power and capabilities of the boat have been told, and while the experiments thus far have been made under limited conditions the inventor has no objections to the actual perform- ances being given. 'The boat has been repeatedly worked in the River Rouge near Detroit, both on and under the surface in water -- -- from fifteen to twenty feet deep. 'This has been done simply to test the working of the machinery and becoming familiar with the action of the boat. More recently the boat has been worked in the Detroit river with a depth of about forty feet, a strong current and with many boats passing, making it a very difficult place to operate such a craft. The conning tower cover was closed over the two occupants, Mr. Baker and Mr. Goddard, at ten minutes to 2 o'clock Pp. m. and remained closed until 4:35, two hours and forty-five min- utes, in which time no unpleasant atmospheric effect was noticed. When the boat was opened the air seemed as fresh and invigor- ating as when at first closed. During this trial the boat was repeatedly submerged, disappearing entirely from sight and leaving no disturbance on the surface to note the location of the submerged craft. The boat retained its even keel beneath the surface and answered readily in rising and lowering to the re- quirements of the pilot. Altogether, the tests so far have been very satisfactory and will be continued from time to time until the full capacity of the boat is developed. If the boat continues to develop, as it now promises, it will be heard of in naval wartare. Lake Freight Matters. A steady, strong feeling with rates fairly profitable are feat- ures that have characterized the lake shipping business duting the past week, and in fact since the first trips were made in April. The strength is due almost entirely to the heavy grain move- ment from Chicago and the head of Lake Superior to the seaboard, and although stocks in Duluth and Chicago elevators have de- creased on the whole to about half the aggregate at the opening of navigation, there is as yet little falling off in shipments and the Chicago rates hold to the best figures of the season, while the decline at Duluth has been only fractional. Under these conditions iron ore shippers have moved only a very small por- tion of their product uncovered by contract tonnage. hey have been in the market all along for boats but have been very con- servative in the matter of shipments, on account of limited sales, as compared with the two previous years. 'This will necessitate their taking additional tonnage if the demand in the grain trade falls off, and in any event ore shipments during the coming month must show a marked increase over the shipments of thirty days just past. For these and other reasons the outlook for the coarse freight carriers is certainly much better than it has been at any time since January last, when many owners refused $1.25 on Ashland ore contracts. Rates now ruling, with the supply of boats very much below the demand during ten days past, are $1.20 from Ashland, $1 (nominally) from Marquette and 75 cents . from Escanaba. A light movement in coal can be attributed to the same causes that leave the ore producers behind in bringing down their product. A large proportion of the vessels arriving down with cargoes have been returning light, on account of low coal freights prevailing at Buffalo as well as Ohio ports. Rates from Buffalo to Lake Michigan ports have advanced a little within the week, and although the figures on soft coal leaving Ohio ports are no higher, they are very strong with the demand from day to day fully double the number of boats offered. Soft coal rates from Ohio ports are based on 45 cents to Duluth and Su- perior and 50 cents to Chicago and Milwaukee. Grain at Chicago and Duluth. _ Stocks of grain at Chicago and Duluth on Monday, May 16, were as follows: Chicago. Duluth. Wheat, bu. Corn, bu. All wheat, bu. Tn gtore cchesues canoe ews kaa ener eta e es 7,291,720 1,093,140 6,309,663 Decrease last week......../......0..00. 373,389 530,084 3,680,061 Excess over same time last year...3,113,946 208 326 3,786,848 In addition to the above there is 839,219 bushels of oats, 323,866 bushels of rye and 16,951 bushels of barley in store in Chicago. Wrecks and Heavy Losses. Only two accidents of minor importance have been reported during the past week. 'The steamer W. P. Thew, owned by R. Thew of Cleveland, and valued at $30,000, was burned at Chi- cago, but it is thought that she can be rebuilt by an expenditure of something like half her value. On 'Thursday the schooner Josephine, owned by Capt. Frank Perry of Sault Ste. Marie and valued at $3,800, was sunk in collision with the Aloha at Lake es flats. The loss will probably amount to the full value of the boat. A oes a