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6 : MARINE REVIEW. i Some Average Rates of Lake Freights. Average rates of freight on ore, coal and grain presented in the following tables are in all cases taken from the best possible sources of information. In the case of ore from Ashland, for instance, the average is made up from the daily charters of two or three brokers and shippers doing most business from that port. The same is true of all rates on coal. Where figures on coal from shippers are used, the average is not that obtained from bulking contract coal with that shipped at going rates. The figures represent the average of rates _ruling from day to day throughout the season : AVERAGE FREIGHT RATES, IRON ORE, PORTS NAMED TO OHIO PORTS. ESCANABA. MARQUETTE. ASHLAND. Year. 'Wild'? | Contract "Wild"? | Contract 'Wild'? | Contract Rate. Rate. Rate. Rate. Rate. Rate. 1873 $2 59 $2 60 $3 53 G3 O Oe SER Searels puss 1874 1 36 2 00 1 93 DET LDR. lll = Seen pee eae | Us igs aera 1875 eee 1 40 1 50 ECA Cy sarea| | etseeaee Secure tek eee 1876 86 1 20 1 35 NSO eeall ene eek IK See a 1877 98 1 00 1 41 Deseret ace ieee med ee 1878 81 90 122, fl 23 iS She aa ncweraleae tala rete, 1879 1 25 90 1 83 AOE ol eae meee ee cee 1880 1 70 1 85 2 26 Davhiy. feos gait wie cia tones 1881 1 36 eis 2, 05 Deed by wallllie alors ene el abe sele 1882 1 04 1 40 1 26 eo ERES | Ne eee eee peeamoenon oa 1883 Ea? 1 00 1 40 1S Oil aoe re Se ee ee 1884 87 1 10 1 08 TRU eat teats co Saale ee 1885 78 90 98 1 05 125 1 15. 1886 1 28 1 05 1 51 1 20 1 78 1 20 1887 1 59 1 40 1 87 1 63 ens 2 00 1888 1 05 90 1 30 1 15 1 43 1 26 1889 1 O1 1 00 1 19 1 10 1 34 1 25 1890 89 1 10 1 07 oa 1 17 1 35 1891 84. 65 1 02 90 1 11 1 00 1892 74 1 00 98 1 16 1 15 1 25 [Charge to vessel for handling ore, 193 cents. | Average ore rates for the entire period of twenty years: Escanaba, con- tract $1.25, "wild'"' $1.17; Marquette, contract.$1.62, "wild'"' $1.53. Average for past ten years: Escanaba, contract $1.01, "wild"' $1.03; Marquette, contract $1.20, "wild'"' $1.24. Ashland averages for eight years are $1.30 contract and $1.43 "wild." AVERAGE FREIGHT RATES, "WILD," SOFT COAL, OHIO PORTS TO PORTS NAMED. Year. Milwaukee. Escanaba. Duluth. Green Bay Manitowoc. NSGo eee went 50 63 $0 51 TOAD Se eee Sey aia mreenen ee. SSO eee caine 8& 60 78 sees tee oe oe rs noes NS SY., -eeanccinenn ys: 1 06 72 Pe SUN cer cern ace ate nondene SS Rie remees ecc: 84 61 GORE Nee ee ea oe hcece oat SS Oe ee eee 54 49 OLDE ee dence cons ip ee eee SOO Beecet aero 64 45 Ace) nae tes eases SOM eens 61 52 AOE Phar cnnche Beer ne ees oes SOD Ries tees 58 43 43 $0 55 $0 49 Average eight years...... 72 54 59 AVERAGE FREIGHT RATES, "WILD," HARD COAL, BUFFALO TO PORTS NAMED. ~ ear, Chicago. Duluth. Milwaukee. Toledo. TSS Orang cere ies cciodneates Se upees $0 71 DO SO ere ccsecpeh ie an cea ticeet UB R Opt clam canissdeest cosas sas 87 OD ree eee IGM ehtedannan Beeman ae sca 1 05 Le rebages Se ces NSS OWeeteh pecs cicrcescseeg sears 86 OOrer a Seer ern oo ae sate! NBS Optrcesscenet rosacea sec cases 52 ae canen 5 Sitges meee te eae BO Onera ot kote coe cates 62 AS aches Sante aie ee ate haa CON sehame sort as o ese tence. 56 PAS ies Ss aes Ramee ate Womens eeeane eae eas 59 43 BO 57 50 27 Average eight years... 72 49 [Coal shipped net tons; handled without charge to vessel. ] AVERAGE FREIGHT RATES, GRAIN, CHICAGO TO BUFFALO. Year. Wheat. Year: Wheat. MAB cree eetcuak Segre tees trai san 3.1 cents. CAS erconcocnebncenokrneccnctiscecss 4.1 cents. oe cs see eee neces tes cade Ales ran 1S) ole) eosoad simcaoepetn ac ndeaarenadle Dia(esrcse BRU eect tet e neces <s wetineeacO) ' SOO Merersescc ee ee hence ayo Dione a SS ibteasas cesses saeeeiteteereueeceee we LOQO sete hdsas casted tic racnas le Oe 6s OB raises ter i pidiecn ce hecice DD ceca LO Oey ee ag avs ty a pat ee haere Zeer 08 TSR tre cpsrads sabemnsaee marc erase Boe oats SORA ecm asec re ea gD TB Sas eatesce ase pecpee coer ses Divider ~ eS ee cess reescen seems ten naan 2. ue Average, fifteen years.....3.1 cents. NSO es oe cte cee? Auta saeec supp te nace Piel d) vim Oe [Handling charge to vessel on grain, $3.50 to $4.00 per 1,000 bushels. ] Comparing Chandler and Mesaba Ores. In his latest publication regarding the Mesaba range, Horace V. Winchell says: "In 1891 the Chandler mine of the Vermillion range produced 354,998 tons of Chandler ore and 20,873 tons of Long Lake ore. The entire product In some respects this is the greatest mine in the world. Occupying but eighty acres, its production for 1892 will be nearly 650,- 000 gross tons of remarkably uniform ore. Cargo after cargo is sampled at Cleveland that will not vary half of 1 per cent. in iron content. Under the able direction of Joseph Sellwood, the cost of mining has been reduced to less than $1 per ton on this ore, providing it brings $4.85 at Cleveland, as it is said to have done in 1892. This estimate is based on the following details: Cost of mining, $1; royalty, 30 cents; railroad freight to Two Harbors, $1; lake freight to Cleveland, $1.20; insurance, commission, ete., 25 cents; total, $3.80. These figures are approximate and are given merely for the sake of indicating of this mine is Bessemer. the entire feasibility of mining ata profit on the Mesaba, where the cost of ~ mining will be considerably less than at the Chandler, with higher royalties. The average of the analyses given of the Biwabik ore indicates that in quality it is nearly equal to the Chandler ore. If the expense of placing it on the car, including royalty, were equal, there would be aslight difference (equal to the freight from Ely to Tower, perhaps) in favor of the Biwabik. It might even be possible to sell the ore at $4 per ton and still have anice profit. If in addi- tion to this there are any other directions in which the Biwabik ore can be produced more cheaply than the Chandler, such as smaller mining cost, there is so much more profit. This point will be discussed later." a Traffic of Portage Lake Canals. Now that the general government has made the Portage lake canals free, and has during the past season been in full charge of the waterways tributary to the Michigan copper dis- trict, some reliable statistics regarding the water commerce of the district have been secured. The freight movement through the canals during the past season aggregated 484,899 net tons and the number of vessel passages was 1,430. Following isa full statement of the traffic: Items. Designations. Season of 1892. Vessels, steam.........-.0+.00+- Number 1,118 AV GSHENG. cM sc .aneens. accesses. Number 812 Tonnage, freight. ............. Net tons 484,899 - Passengers ........cecceceeeeeeees Number 30,086 GoPets ere creer renccaessecc Net tons 46,910 CO a eee ccetenee ye ances rs Net tons 221,689 EVO uaiiye stele arsenate Se cerca Barrels 127 ,024 WOrnot totes eee Bushels 2,004 Wihea tesicccuese ce teeeseeess Bushels 15,824 Tron, manfactured...........- Net tons 2,597 z TS UTD RTH es, ae sete wee eeengilaraans M feet B. M. 27,196 Miscellaneous merchandise Net tons 101,644 Taking the average price of Lake Superior copper at 12 cents a pound, the estimated value of the copper shipped through the canals, 46,910 net tons or 93,820,006 pounds, would be $11,- 584,000. . Personal Mention. C. H. Westcott of Detroit, supervising inspector of steam vessels, and H. B. Earhart, vessel broker of Duluth, were in Cleveland during the week. Maj. M. B. Adams, corps of engineers, U.S. A., who is to have charge of engineering work in the ninth and eleventh light-house districts, has taken charge of the Detroit office for these districts. Mr. T. F. Newman, who leaves the service of the Detroit & Cleveland Steam Navigation Company Jan. 1, to manage the new Cleveland & Buffalo line, was surprised by the presentation of an onyx mantel clock from his associates in the Cleveland office. He was very kindly remembered by the officers of the Detroit and Cleveland company in Detroit recently. F. M. Bishop, said to be a resident of Cleveland, has been corresponding with the mayor of Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., in re- gard to the establishment of a dry dock and ship building plant at that place. Mr. Bishop is undoubtedly a stranger among men in the ship building industry on the lakes. A diligent inquiry in Cleveland fails to elicit any information regarding his connec- tion with the business. Mr. W. lL. Churchill of Alpena, Mich., has worked several years to have wages of life saving crews advanced, and passage of a bill to that effectby last congress was partly due to his efforts. Lake life saving crews appreciated his work and contributed for the purchase of a handsome cane, which was presented to him at a banquet last week, the keepers and crews of Middle and Thunder bay island stations being present. Arrangements were made to include in a banquet next year all the crews from Ottawa point to Hammond's bay. Send 50 cents in stamps to the MARINE REVIEW for 14 phototypes and gravures of lake steamers neatly bound.