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oa MARINE REVIEW. it! 4 Steel Ship Construction--Part IV. STRENGTH OF RIVETED SECTION OF VESSEL. This mode of fracture depends upon the shift of the butts 'of the shell plating and the different parts of the structure which aid the vessel in resisting a tendency to part in two. The plan shows a diagonal shift of butts, and the rivets are sheared where the rivet holes are marked. Considering the resist- ance by friction, 9 tons is taken for the shearing strain of a $-inch rivet and 6 properly filled and the rivets on the point of shearing, as shown by Fig. 1. Fig. 2. shows a conical rivet, which should be used when the rivet hole is larger in the bottom than at top. Fig. 4 shows three thicknesses of plating. The dotted line a is larger on one side than on the other, caused by punching the . plate with a large die. This middle plate should be punched a size less and rimed after the other two plates are in place, as by doing so bad work is pre- vented. , Should the practice of punching the middle plate the same size as the top and bottom plate be continuéd, the narrow part of the hole will be unfair, Fie.3. Tew Coamine m--- - ---- tH - ------ ------- + ------ FA- se 2 ee eae Ae epee Det ere ° ° eye] He "| {: I33,6 Ei 5 1 WE] de se ~Dadk Sremeck wal ; 2 | ale 'i - y deeietale ° yey? ° 2 =v Pee ae + bens Bllofe eo e «6 ec ol/s] ss i 3 t LQecne BMarrve-- | i eo} |! Esc Sh Se ce a | ee | q ' fee ul. q CEYTER Lin& OF |Dscn- Ss o Keelso é ee! e@ e@ © @€ 0 © of0 0008 0 8 Oo ~TAN« MARGINA --TaAnk Tor PLarine cane meena | eae | ei cooetesoe ee e Seeecceeocce STEEL SHIP CONSTRUCTION--STRENGTH OF RIVETED SECTION. tons for a $-inch rivet. The tensile strength of a ?-inch rivet is 10 tons. The following table gives the number of rivets, their yalue and the number of tons. ; NUMBER OF RIVETS IN SECTION. Value of PARTS OF THE STRUCTURE. Number of rivets in aber of Keeleplate. :i:....0v 1. eee tees ees eee eet ogee 146 9 1314 AMIS URAer Sell OAM Ore eecrac sconsereussraes erage as 184 9 1656 Bg 6 & Ls US Sa een re re 144 9 1296 Ce Gs CG io 15 Sih ek er IS a perth a 298 9 2682 Dax ic Me wie teasers eee ae 170 9 1530 Rhee " OF sae", datapsanlne chi bd ueemeane aeeees 340 9 3060 BL ee a (¢ Sut Rae Pade ih ies 200: 148 9 1332 ie a Ce ee eee tine eae 114 9 1026 s es ut OG: le (ee eat k Sean IP seats AEs 262 9 2358 Center keelson........... Lo cig dias NSA a ite 230 9 2070 a strake tank top plating...........-...ssereeeenee 62 § 372 > eats Br EC ipl a Rants ee cre abuse ee ee axe) 164 6 984 Ce Cea BORE ME as Sacha 88 6 528 Rider plate' CE has ci crn eale Cee Sate eons 128 9 1152 Margin and angle tank top plating.............006+5 188 6 1692 (Gimd Grae ie. ses ce eos ee TR ae ES oe 108 10 1080 SIGE RAEI POD ec. c5 sree sepia came rede ng-f each Syaststar 80 10 806 Weck ishringer. 2... /<areers kt evi ITI ee ei a 262 9 2308 BEAtCh Coamultigs Higa en setae o. ote ese crcauer 20 9 180 BS Carling ANNO oc. sects oes ee red ae nd--mno ist 8 10 80 BUN GU sal eee eke eee vas, lecdsnndormermeniaserrsess te"! 27,550 The total number of tons of strength in this riveted section is 27,550, or 3,665.2 tons more than at unavoidable weakest section. In this calculation there is a hatch at No.53 beam, which still increases the strength of the riveted section over plating. The area of the deck plating from stringer to stringer 1s 67 square inches, or 2,010 tons, so that by deducting 2,010 tons fom the punched material the difference in favor of the rivets is 5,675.2 tons. 'The punched material from stringer to stringer, minus coaming and carling, is 60 Square inches, or 1,800 tons. Thus the riveted section is 1,416.7 tons stronger than the part between beams. To gain this result the rivet holes must be and after it is rimed it will be oval and never on the point of shearing. It is not unreasonable to thiak that steel rivets should be used in steel plates, but the data given will show that there is no need of it, as the riveted part of the vessel is stronger than the unpunched material. Grain Moving by the Canadian Canal Route. Special Correspondence to the MARINE REVIEW. Kineston, Onv., July 13.--The lack of despatch at Montreal, through the absence of ocean liners, has caused great delay to vessels at this port, and the boats that have been detained here will ask for demurrage. The need of an elevator is strongly felt, and the agitation for one, which was begun some time ago, is still going on, the government being pressed to provide the site. The amount of grain handled this year eclipses anything known. Every barge that can be chartered is now in use, the Garden island fleet of timber vessels being pressed into service. It is reported here that millions of bushels are still in Chicago to come here, while various cargoes of grain billed to Buf- falo have been sent on here the lower rates of canal freights causing the change. ! The people of Chatham are taken up with the scheme by which it is pro- posed to transport loaded carson steamers from Cleveland to Rondeau harbor, connecting there with the Erie & Huron Railway Company. By this scheme it is expected that direct access will be had with the central states and | that the double handling of coal, fish, lumber and minerals wiil be obviated. The people of the western peninsula are very anxious that the scheme be car- 'ried out, but it is a somewhat doubtful enterprise. The steamer Empire State made a record last week. She started from Clayton, N, Y., with 300 passengers and landed them in Montreal--180 miles-- in one hour and thirteen minutes better than any other steamer has covered the same distance. Folger Bros., the owners, claim she is the swiftest steamer on the St. Lawrence river. The Canadian General Electric Company has sent forward from this city the necessary plant for the Beauharnois canal, to be used in opening and shutting the lock gates. The system, if successful, will be introduced on all the Canadian canals.