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to the new order of things, but by a combination of circumstances in the past, and through the efforts of local agents to obtain hull business they have been very fortunate. It was decided that at another meeting in Bienes the complaints of grain shippers regarding averages would be heard and per cent. of damage required to make aloss lowered. At present the loss must be 5 cents to recover from insurance companies. 'That figure was made when small schooners did the grain traffic, and has never been changed. With vessels carrying 150,000 bushels shippers can lose 7,500 bushels before being able to recover. The percentage will be reduced to about 1 per cent. The coarse freight tariffs follow: RATES ON COARSE FREIGHTS, SEASON OF 1894, AS ADOPTED BY LAKE UNDERWRITERS AT CLEVELAND, 0., MARCH 23, 1894. Coal and Ore. Lake Superior to Lake Erie and vice versa ..cesccseserssees 20 cents. Lake Michigan to Lake Erie and vice versau\.ecccccesesessveee 18 cents. Lake Ontario to Lake Superior and vice versaceecee.csseceee00, 30 cents. Lake Ontario to Lake Michigan and vice Versa.eesecccceeceee. se 25 cents. Twenty-five per cent. additional on vessels classing Br; lower classes prohibited. Rails and Pig Iron. Steam. Sail. Ports to POTTS...0.sceccseeeeveseeeroassetseesccseneenstosees 40 cents. 50 cents. Lake Ontario to ake Michigan and Superior...60 cents. 75 cents. Vessels classing below A2 prohibited. Apr.1| Rate | Rate | Rate | Rate FREIGHT LISTS, to for for for for Aug. 31} Sept. | Oct. | Nov. |season. At and A1¥% steamers valued at $50,000 AMO UP W ALAS gH iechhsaiessccies siet Seuse cox cccece alo ois; .20 30 .50 .20 At and A1¥% steamers valued at $25,000 ANG P5OGOOG A oschecesscsen Sele ddeit ttcn Oohate .20 225 35 .60 -30 Art and A1¥% steamers valued between PLO OOO sATICs HAE OOO MA aendotareecl ange ol s.s see 25 30 .40 a5 .40 A2 steamers valued at $40,000 and up- NVARCG cceecnrce teteci een. Steet haeoee mie aetenes .20 .30 .40 .60 35 AI steamers valued between $25,000 and $40,000 .....0000 6, SS She hela a PE CRORS CE EECA AEE 25 .40 .50 75 .40 Atand A1¥% sail valued at $15,000 and UP WAG Gen reteset ans. ooo bwaabesss. scl ti ects .20 30 .40 .60 30 At and A1¥ sail valued between $10,000 ATi dePuR GOO RE AGs Pts fates eee 25 .40 .50 75 .40 A2 sail valued at $25,000 and upwards.....| .20 .30 .40 .60 135 A2 sail valued between $10,000 and $25,000 | .25 .40 50 75 .4O Commission not to exceed ro per cent. LUMBER TARIFF FOR THE SEASON OF 1894, COVERING ON AND UNDER DECK--WHEN ENTIRE INTEREST IS ON DECK, DOUBLE RATES. To Sept. Flat rates i a Sept. | Oct. Nov: |lfor season. Lake Superior to Lake Michigan | $0 30 |fo 60 |$1 00 |$1 25 $0 60 Lake Superior to Lake Huron : and Detroitiriver-..:/.:.... cesses 30 60 | I 00 | I 25 60 ake Superior to Lake Erie........ 20), HOO OO. os 60 Lake Superior to Lake Ontario... 4o 80.] I 05.| I 40 80 Lake Superior to Ogdensburg.. . 45 g0 | I 20 | I 60 go Lake Michigan to Lake Michigan 20 40.|.. 60 80 40 Lake Michigan to Lake Huron 5 oa and DetrOle LiVEeTc scssssocserese ees 25 _ 50 75 | I 0O 45 Lake Michigan to Lake Ontario.. 40 80 | I 05 | I 4o 80 Lake Michigan to Lake Erie...... 30 60 75 | 1 00 50 Lake Michigan to Ogdensburg... 45 go | I 20 | I 60 go Lake Huron to Lake Michigan. . 25 50 75 | I 00 45 Lake Huron to Lake Erie.......... 25 50 75 | I 00 45 Lake Huron to Lake Huron and DGELOLE DIV Eis cesse ese ossaeeoat des seo 25 40 60 80 40 Lake Huron to Lake Ontario..... 30 60 80 | I 10 55 Lake Huron to Ogdensburg....... 35 70 go | I 25 60 Georgian Bay to Lake Michigan.. 30 60 75.| I 00 50 Geergian Bay to Lake Huronand DV CEPGLETTIVED h ficcdesssccscescescocres 25 50 ileal OO) 45 Georgian Bay to Lake Erie......... 30 60 75 | I 00 50 Georgian Bay to Lake Ontario... 4o 80 | I 05 | I 40 80 Georgian Bay to Ogdensburg...... 45 go. | I. 20.| £ 60 go Lake Ontario to Lake Ontarto.... 25 50 7 Tes OO) 50 Lake Ontario to Ogdensburg. .... 30 55 80 | I 00 75 Lake Erie to Lake Erie.............. 20 40 60 80 4o Twenty-five per cent. additional on B1% vessels; 100 per cent. addi- tional on B2s. No Br% or B2 vessels after Sept. 1. On transient risks 'charge 50 per cent. additional to the graded rate. Commissions not to ex- ceed Io per cent. If Dell Tillman, formerly steward of the whaleback steamer Christopher Columbus, will send his address to the Chicago Ship Building Company, South Chicago, Ill., he will learn of information to his advantage. April 19 is the date set for the officeal opening of the Welland canal, MARINE REVIEW. ee Notes and Queries on Engineering Subjects. CONDUCTED BY GEO. C. SHEPARD. The -indicator cards shown below are from the compound engines of the S. S. City of Puebla, built in 1881 by Cramp & Sons for the New York, Havana and Mexican Mail Line and afterwards sold to run on the Pacific coast. The vessel is 340 feet long, 39 feet beam and 26 feet deep and her cost complete was $394,000. Steam was supplied by four Scotch boilers, 15 feet diameter and 12 feet 9 inches long, aggregating 340 square feet grate surface and 1,000 square feet heating surface. Wheel 16 feet 4 inches diameter and 23 feet pitch. In the engines, which were designed by Mr. R. W. Peck, who is now superintending the construction of machinery in the steamer Northwest, we find a departure from the usual practice and something almost unknown on the lakes, namely, the use of the Corliss type of valves and gear with the Stephenson link to effect reversal. SS. City or Puesea Cyunvers 43-86 *6Q. an cot / | eup | 1as | 7 ; / at oe \ 6 i nae ' Saag Oct , ! SEER ' \ CBs boop ele ieee \ = THR 440, ag coe 40 K oe 2 | - ae x \ ' , rae oa eee Ns. Go hl Se eee a > Lt IHP. 'oh. ae a KL ATMOSPHERIC LINE i mE =a ° ee, Further particulars of the cards are: Boiler pressure, 73 pounds ; vacuum, 24.5 inches; revolutions per minute, 50. Steam is cut off in the H.P. cylinder atone-tenth of the stroke and thereby expands ten times in the H.P. cylinder. Now the Ll. P. cylinder is four times the H. P., and the steam to fill it must expand to four times its volume in the H.P. cylinder, and hence to forty times its volume at the point of cut off in the H. P. cylinder. The diagrams from the two cylin- ders have both been expanded to the same scale of pressure and volume, - and theoretical curves of expansion of the formula PV 19--C have been drawn in--one through the point of steam cutoff in H. P. cylinder and the other cutting actual expansion line of diagram at a point 40 pounds abso- lute. The clearance is assumed to be 5 per cent. of the piston displace- ment of each cylinder, and itis seen that steam lines in both cylinders rise considerably above the theoretical curve of expansion, probably due to the re-evaporatisn of the steam condensed by the cylinder walls. The mean absolute terminal pressure from H. P. card=17.5 pounds, from L,.P. card=3.7 pounds and the absolute initial, 79.5 pounds of the H.P. cylinder, divided by the terminal, 3.7 pounds of L.P. cylinder, equals 21 expansions. We would ask our engineer readers which is the proper number of expansions to accredit this engine, and why? Also what is the indicated water consumption? We believe that engineers will find many points of interest in this performance, so different from their general ex- perience, and that it presents problems the solution of which will afford pleasant recreation and profitable study. a Editors MARINE REVIEW :--What effect will it make in the opening and closing of the exhaust by a slide valve if lap is added to the valve, and what will be the difference in hooking up? M. ERIE, Pa., March 25, 1894. If you add Jap to steam edge of your valve you will, of course, increase the angularity of the eccentrics a' proportionate amount, and this will 'cause the exhaust to open earlier and to close earlier than with the origi- nal lap and angularity. In hooking up with the new lap the Stephenson link, if such it be, will not have to be drawn as far from full-gear position to get a certain point of cut off as with the old lap. This means less angu- larity of the "equivalent eccentric" and hence a later exhaust opening and closing, so that with added lap an earlier cut off of steam can be effected with the same exhaust opening and compression as with the original lap on a later cut off. The program for the International Inland Navigation Congress, to be held at The Hague during the present year, recently issued, deals with the following questions: Construction of canals which allow a rapid transit ; equipment of ports; prevention of blockade by ice ; locomotion on canals and rivers; dues on navigable waters; relations between the profile of rivers and the depth of their channels; regulation of rivers for low water. CORRECTED CHARTS OF THE ST, MARY'S RIVER CAN BE HAD FROM THE MARINE REVIEW, 516 PERRY-PAYNE BUILDING, CLEVELAND, O.