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12 MARINE REVIEW. Opening of Niagara Falls'. Power Plant. Some time in October the great power plant at Niagara Falls, on which Pierpont Morgan, Dr. Coleman Sellers, Lord Kelvin and other capitalists have expended $5,000,000, is to be started, with great ceremony, and it is expected that electric power equal to 20,000 horse power will be immedi- ately transmitted to Buffalo. A great deal is being written about this en- terprise, now that the time fora trial of a part of the plant is near at hand, The New York correspondent of the Philadelphia Press says in a recent letter on the subject : "It has been estimated that the city of Buffalo makes use of some 50,000 horse power daily to supply all her commercial needs. If, then, . when the test is made in October, it is found that the plans of the engi- neers are justified by works, Buffalo will receive from Niagara Falls an amount of power equal to nearly one-half of all that is necessary to run her mills and propel her street cars, But Buffalo is only a part of the field. The capacity of the entire plant at Niagara is 50,000 horse power in the form of electricity, and 50,000 horse power transformed from the waterfall directly into force to be used in mills along the bank of the river. This water power plant is of course a local affair. Future operations of the company with the 50,000 horse power credited to the electric plant, which is the limit according to present plans, will depend upon the out- come of the test in October with 20,000 horse power. If the tést is a suc- cess, then, instead of three turbines and three dynamos, as at present, there are to be ten of each. "This work at Niagarais spoken of as experimental, and so, in perhaps the most important sense,it is. But it is no longer an experiment of me- chanical construction. The inlet canal is built and receives the water from the Niagara river in exact accordance with the plans of the engineers: The great wheel pits are done, and done for all ages. The workmen have cut out of the solid rock an opening with lines as true as those of a mighty shaft. The turbines, 200 feet below the surface, are set in their places, and the dynamos, which are the largest in the world, are nearly finished and are soon to be set in their places." "But now there comes another thing awaiting not theoretical demon- stration, but such proof as makes evidence to the senses. Can the electricity which will be generated at the falls be delivered over the wires to Buffalo? Can it be delivered to other New York cities? Can some portion of it be diverted so that the boats and barges may be hauled through the canals? If this can be done will it be possible also to deliver the power at such cost as will compel those who want power to buy it, because of cheapness,and at the same time will profit be returned to the capitalists who have shown $5,000,000 worth of faith? The promoters of the scheme and the scientists engaged with them are sure that all this can be done. But others doubt it. Not greatly so far as Buffalo is concerned, but with something of vehement denial when it is proposed to bisect New York state from the lake to the Hudson with the power car- rying wires. Many others besides those directly interested in this plant are await-_ ing the day of the experiment. If it be possible to create at a great natural power like Niagara a plant that can utilize this power so that the 'wheels of many mills may be turned, and the streets and houses of many towns be lighted, and if in addition to that it is also possible with some portion of this power to propel the boats and barges which swim the canals, then it will be possible to make such use of water power in other sections, and also in like manner to set up powerful electric plants by the sides of the exhaustless coal mines. It has been estimated that there is water power in New Jersey sufficient to generate all the electricity needed for the flourishing manufacturing cities within fifty miles of New York." Trade Notes. Williamson Brothers of Philadelphia are constructing steering gear for the new American Line ships St Louis and St. Paul. Another wooden steamer for the International Steamship Company will be built by the New England Ship Building Company of Bath, Me. The steam shovel at the Mountain Iron mine, Mesabi range, which, as noted in the REVIEW last week, loaded 143 cars of iron ore in ten hours, was built by the Vulcan Iron Works Company of Toledo. In the September number of the American Engineer and Railroad Journal of New York, the traveling crane in use at the ship yard of F. W. Wheeler & Co., West Bay City, and which was built by the Brown Hoist- ing and Conveying Machine Company of Cleveland, is described at con- siderable length. Last NIAGARA EXCURSION of the season of 1894 will leave the Broad- way station of the Nickel Plate road, 5:30 a.m., Sept. 12th. Toronto, $1.00 extra. 147-6 A DAYLIGHT EXCURSION leaves Cleveland via the Nickel Plate road, 5:30 a.m., Sept. 12th, for Niagara Falls. $3.00 for the round trip. Toronto, $1.00 extra. At 224 Bank street, 534 Pearl street, or depots you may purchase tickets. 148-6 Publications. The third number for 1894 of the Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers (quarterly) is at hand. The journal is now edited by Passed Assistant Engineer R.S, Grifin. Among the leading original articles in the current issue are the following: "Review and Experimental test of the Steam Plant of the S. S. Iroquois," by W.C. Seldon, Esq., member of the society; a description of the twin-screw steamer Albatross belong- ing to the United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, by Chief Engineer Isherwood, U.S. N.; "Air Pumps," by Passed Assistant Engineer F. H. Bailey, U. S, N.; a collection of trial data from a large number of steamships, by J. M. Lincoln, Esq., associate. Vandergrift's United States Tariff, 1894, is a handy volume of 550 pages, giving full information of customs duties up to date and revised according to the results of the latest tariff legislation. Full instructions for exporting and importing are given and each dutiable article is men- tioned separately and in alphabetical order. A copy may be had ata small price by addressing F. B. Vandergrift & Co, 27 William street, New York, N. Y. No. 4, Vol. 1, of the naval militia and yachtsman's journal, Burgee and Penant, has been received in its finely illuminated cover. It is the neatest marine paper, typographically, that has yet been published and seems to cover very well the field which it claims. It is published weekly and the subscription price is $4 per year. If you wish to see a sample copy or subscribe for the paper, address Burgee and Penant, 14 Madison Square, South, New York, N. Y. , Areas and Depths of Oceans. The deepest parts of the sea are in all cases very nearland. The deepest sounding known was obtained 110 miles outside the Kurile islands, where there are 4,655 fathoms, or 27,930 feet of water. The next deepest is 4,561 fathoms, seventy miles north of Porto Rico. With these and a few other exceptions, the depth of the oceans, so far as yet known, does not reach 4,000 fathoms, or four sea miles. The ocean with the greatest mean depth appears to be the Pacific, which covers sixty-seven millions of the 188 millions of square miles composing the earth's surface, The northern Pacific is estimated to have a mean depth of over 2,500 fathoms, while the southern Pacific is credited with alittle under 2,400 fathoms. 'These figures are, however, based on an inadequate number of soundings. Thus in the eastern part of the central Pacific there is an area of 10,500,000 square miles, in which there are only seven soundings, while in a long strip crossing the whole north Pacific, which has an area of 2,800,000 square miles, there is no\sounding at all. The Indian Ocean, with an area of 25,000,000 square miles, has a mean depth of a little over 2,000 fathoms, while the Atlantic (by far the best sounded ocean) has an area of 31,000,000 square miles, with a mean depth of 2,200 fathoms. IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN THE NEW UNITED STATES NAVY, YOU WILL WANT PICTURES OF THE NEW YORK, (SEE SUPPLEMENT IN A LATE ISSUE.) PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE AND VESUVIUS, STEEL ENGRAVED ON HEAVY CARD BOARD 10x14 INCHES. SEND $1 FOR THE FOUR TO THE MARINE REVIEW, 516 PERRY-PAYNE BUILDING, CLEVELAND, 0., AND WE WILL ADD A COLOR ETCHING OF THE STEEL STEAMER GRATWICK, FREE. $3.00 to Niagara Falls, $4.00 to Toronto, via the Nickel Plate road, Sept. 12th. City ticket offices 224 Bank street, 534 Pearl street and depots. 145-6 $4.00 to Toronto on the Niagara Falls excursion via the Nickel Plate road, Sept. 12th. Remember Canada's great fair is then in progress. 146-6 S ENGINEER OFFICE, Burlington, e¢ 4 de Vt., September 5, 1894.--Sealed pro- osals in triplicate, for dredging in Ogdensburg arbor. N. Y., will be received here until 2 p, m., October 5, 1894, and then publicly opened, Full information furnished on application to Smith 8. Leach, Capt. Engineers. 27 ENGINEER OFFICE, Burlington, ° 4 Je Vt., September 5, 1894.--Sealed pro- poeals in triplicate, for rock excavation in Otter reek, Vt., will be received here until 2 p.m. October 5, 1894, and then publicly opened. Ful information furnished on application to Smith S. Leach, Capt. Engineers. 27 ENGINEER OFFICE, Burlington, ° 4 Je Vt., September 5, 1894.--Sealed_pro- posale in triplicate, for dredging in Great Chazy River, N. Y., will be received here uutil 2 p.m. eee es nT pnd men publicly opened. Fuil niormation furnished on application to Smit S. Leach, Capt Engineers, Pe 27 : Wanted Not less than 20 square nor more than 22. Address " Steam Tug," care MARINE Review, giving full description, age, size, etc., with lowest price for spot cash. z ... 10 BUY A TUG FOR SPOT CASH,