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MARINE REVIEW. 7 VESSELS LOST DURING 1895. VALUED AT ABOUT A MILLION AND A QUARTER AND CAPABLE OF CARRYING NEARLY FIFTY THOUSAND TONS--SIXTY-THREE IN ALL, In connection with the exhaustive information regarding new ships, printed elsewhere in this issue, it is interesting to note the capacity and value of vessels that actually passed out of existence during 1895. The list, which appears below, is quite a large one, and the item of capacity is probably more important than was expected. Only such vessels as are total losses in the real sense of the term are included. There are sixty- three of them, valued at $1,290,100. The freight vessels in the list were capable of carrying 48,975 net tons on 14 to 15 feet draft. As compared with previous years, the total losses during 1895 were as follows: 1895. 1894. 1893. Number of vessels.......... Beet art: 63 54 65 Capacity, net-tonSeiccsccscs..csncoscss ess 48,975 31,415 41,625 MVialit@s ccsincs ccatee Oe ee $1,290,100 $522,750 $1,172,200 VESSELS LOST ON THE LAKES DURING 1895. NAME OF VESSEL. DESCRIPTION. cee ee VALUE. | CAUSE OF LOSs. | a . . HV.OTC tS AN scence Sees STOAMOn Berner eres 1,200 $50,000 | Sunk by ice. Fair bank, Nike eee SlCAMECr ees sees Sleeves 600) 30,000 | Fire. ChicOfawasensniieenes SHAME Es. c.ccscochoseswene 800 115,000 | Foundered. Guild Goss ase Steamiercaacn cece ie leiee ee es 8,000 | Fire. Gane Sea eae SCHOOHE Iseeentcane reece 650 5,000 | Collision. SPP Rael oscaes coats DSi@amMenrs ater ccc eee 2,700 225,000. | Collision. Kelley, SBE Coreeesrscsteeersr ss SCHOOMC I eccssssasasessteeece i ; Foundered. INOLIMAM scooter StCAMCTs ee cmteeeee 2,700 160,000 | Collision. HV CDAOIleseroet usec ssseeee, ees MUG wcteccicrsetresess Seto i Collision. New Dominion................. Stéamenaccne eee. 550 30) Foundered. Wells, C. WY CA gens scseenceaee SUD case Bove c cet ceescen real Peng eteeene aeeeane 7,000 | Fire. Hartford ee SeROdner igs 700 6,000 | Foundered. IRERROU rec tect socenct setae SCHOOMCEireerseew etre 150 1,500 | Collision. Burlim stones cceeesc SUCAMErs a creteeren ee 300 12,000 | Fire. Magruder, J. H................. Steamer..... 600 2,000 | Ashore. PATO UL Crcrcsesessees ... (Schooner... 450 2,000 | Collision. Johnson, C. H .. Schooner... 650 4,000 | Ashore. Williams, E.R .../schooner... 600 6,000 | Foundered. Comstock, A. W .../Schooner... 1,700 45,000 | Foundered. Queen City......... ... (Schooner... 1,400 18,000 | Ashore. Baker, Gracie... ...,Steamer..... 150 8,000 | Fire King, C. A.... seanes sees (OCH OET. 550° 4,000 | Foundered. Kershaw ocod 22 ee Steamers sen 1,300 40,000 | Ashore. AVIOOMIM SM teresceccssse sense nee SCHOOMOeerese eee 1,400 23,000 | Ashore. Keen tyH Actives osctsees SCHOONER acs esse ee 1,250 16,000 | Ashore. rs WRiipdne teres eee ees SCHOOMOM Ae ects 650 4,000 | Ashore. HLM ARS sctieceeyasisscees ysessc eee SCHOON CEs te sere 700 3,000 | Ashore. Tinie Hiraicline sees SCHOOMNET.......0..00s0cceee0. 650 4,000 | Ashore. Sk ylarki ences WCHOONECTeesieacsereemecees 650 4,000 | Ashore. Hunter, Hiyings..ccc00s SChOONCI see 500 2,000 | Ashore TEAS CA soe Week cssesa asset SCHOONCI reste stasis: 700 5,000 | Collision. RROINGDCCT AS esi ccccciccccscceces SCNOONEL............00ceeeee. 450 2,000 | Ashore. Otter... Pent ce see OCHOONOL teres sree wees 450 2,000 | Ashore. Duff, HMIGMUNGSS Gee SCHOOMET.............20+6+-- 100 1,000 | Foundered. Commerce: Schooner... a 650 5,000 | Ashore. Red, White and Blue Schooner. 800 6,000 | Ashore. Otego oe Steamer 350 _ 8,000 | Fire. Mystic... Schooner i 300 1,200 | Ashore. Ellsworth, ° ...|Schooner as 650 3,000 | Ashore. Bruce, B. ee BEI SUMO ON eee eencteeree sree 1,200 18,000 | Sunk. Davis, G. W...:... 9 SCHOOMOIa ee rertne terre Be 650 6,000 | Ashore. Richards, H. é wvasscsuteeetceees SCHOON Ghee 800 12,000 | Foundered. Missoula : eereeeearen | STOMINOD : ariser nae eae 2,400 90,000 | Foundered. St. Magnus.. Sevaginsres ose sess StG@MeER iecfiec.ccg ences 1,200 35,000 | Fire. UAVLIGH Col igeeenteate caneecnate cece STCAMET,.....ecccesncseoereeee 750 12,000 | Foundered. Clbolatwce See SCA MEL rcs csseeterorerees sal oreo cescoteeeeee 127,000 ire. Campbell ECARD eer esce alles cereteeeecnces wesecee cal Gosconsecet ees sacs 4,000 | Foundered. Raber, JOWN,... Ber.cis.cenns.,| SCHOOL. ..0ese+-cceereoe oe 450 1,000 | Ashore. MIT RA ee ee Se rct misery os SCHOONCI seco 500 5,000 | Collision. GV GD retcwtassent en terrerste Schooner..................... 700 5,000 | Ashore. Flam sees. setgeesceke cscs. SCHOON Clee eee 250 2,000 -| Fire. FAL Wa CObe reer eres SCHOONC ees cceronceee: 650 3,500 | Ashore. Greenwood, W.T............. Schooner ere 200 2.000 | Ashore. Worts, J. Ge eee SCHOONGE senrcectee eee 650 6,500 | Ashore. Republic.. ...,/ schooner uy 650 2,500 | Foundered. Johnson, C. Schooner 600 2,500 | Sunk. Groh, M....... Steamer. 800 6,000 | Ashore. Nicholson, E. A. ../schooner i 1,600 18,000 | Ashore. Almendinger, J. eal LOAM OL seesest ee cerneee ; 225 8,000 | Ashore. Sire ritiss ulin eer ee Steamorsstn ew occsee 1,100 30,000 | Ashore. BGM MC rcsecem peseueacete SCHOONCi rect cece: 1,400 12,000 | Ashore. _ Aa miSy Gita Wicrcadsestroes fis Schooner....... sige ences 2,100 20,000 | Sunk by ice. Wallace Ulta onsen Schoonere oe 400 1,400 | Foundered. MOUaslersie nc see gee E | See da esee AREER TC ese 48,975 | $1,290,100 Norg.--No account is taken of vessels of less than 50 tons register. Employ Only Americans as Engineers. The national organization of marine engineers has the sympathy of all Americans in the effort which is now being made in congress to pass a law which will permit of none but citizens of this country acting as en- gineers on American vessels. It is to be feared, however, that the en- gineers have attached some provisions to their bill that may delay or probably hinder altogether, the passage of the measure. The bill is now before both houses. It was introduced in the senate by Mr. Watson C,. Squire of Washington andin the house by Representative Hopkins of Illinois. Mr. Squire's remarks in presenting the bill show that he will push the matter in a very determined manner and that he will direct special attention to the action of officials of the American line steamers Paris and New York, who retained English engineers aboard these ves- sels after they had been admitted to American registry under very favor- able conditions. He said: "When, afew years ago, a bill was passed granting, under certain conditions, a subsidy to American steamers for carrying the mails to for- eign countries, there was a stipulation in that bill that these ships should be 'officered by American citizens.' When this bill was passed I am sure that it was the belief of every senator that this meant that, in all parts of the ship upon which her movements and her navigation depended, the responsible men in charge--call them what you will--should be American citizens. When the steamers of the American line were ac- corded the privilege of carrying the American flag, and thus taking ad- vantage of the provisions of the postal subsidy act, the managers of this great line of steamers openly and successfully contended that the pro- visions regarding citizenship did not apply to the engineers, because, forsooth, in the eyes of the people who control this great line, an engi- neer was not an 'officer,' and so it goes to-day. The ships which we are annually paying a large subsidy for carrying the mails, under the suppo- sition that they are officered by American citizens, actually have only a few real American citizens on board. The rest are foreigners upon whom we could not count in an emergency; men who have no interest in the. ships save that which comes from their employment in time of peace. And thus is lost to us the very thing for which we are paying a subsidy-- the building up of an American merchant marine and the officering and manning of these ships by truly American citizens, so that in the event of the services of these steamers being required by the government in case of war with a foreign government, they would be in a condition to at once be pressed into service. As it is now, the ships of the American line are officered in their engine rooms almost entirely by foreigners, and this fact was apparent a few days ago, when the papers gave an ac- count of asad catastrophe on board the American liner St. Paul, where most of the engineers are not citizens of this country. When this bill comes up for discussion I shall have something more to say on the sub- ject, and shall endeavor to ascertain why it is that we are paying a subsi- dy to the steamers of this line for an ocean speed which I have heard stated they have never yet maintained in a voyage across the Atlantic-- to a line which appears to be American only in name, and which for its own greed has seen fit to cry out to the civilized world that the engineers of their steamships are not officers and that therefore they need not be American citizens, a contention as humiliating as it is un-American. If the steamship companies which are getting subsidies from the govern- ment do not consider their engineers officers, I want congress to make them officers in the eyes of the law, so that in case of trouble with any country requiring the services of these steamers to supplement those of the navy, we shall have them already with their officers and crew as the act contemplated, and not as they now are, officered in their engine rooms by foreigners. Another thing which I want to see enacted into law is that these men shall be bona fide American citizens, and not merely men who have taken out their first papers and who may have no intention of going further in that direction. I believe that whenever and under whatever circumstances Americans have served, they have acquitted themselves most creditably, and I can not believe that the engine rooms of these big steamers are such mysterious places that the American marine engineer would be a stranger there. Our American engineers are serving credita- bly on vessels engaged in Oriental commerce and along the shores of Asia. I claim that they are equal to the Scotch or any other engineers. They get the best pay and perform as good service as any. Our country can depend upon them in its commerce in time of peace, and can depend - upon them, if need be, in time of war." Few people unacquainted with the details of ship construction have any thought of the vast amount of auxiliary machinery, such as electric light equipment, anchors, capstans windlasses, etc., that will be required aboard the sixty-five new ships reported elsewhere in this issue as now under contract on the lakes. In some lines where manufacturers of auxiliary machinery have devoted special attention to producing the best article on the market, whole establishments will be worked to their full capacity for months on orders resulting from this long line of contracts for new vessels. Take, for instance, the American Ship Windlass Co. of Providence, R. I. Probably 90 per cent. of the windlasses and capstans for these new vessels will be furnished by this concern. All of the steel schooners or tow barges in the list will be fitted with steam towing machines, and the Providence concern, which makes the only successful machines of this kind as yet brought out, will furnish all of these. Then, too, the enlargement of freight vessels has caused a demand for addi- tional capstans. In addition to the usual windlass and capstan forward and capstan aft, the big steamers will have two more capstans. One of these will be placed aft of the forward house and the other just forward of the after house. x LAKE MICHIGAN ON ONE SHEE, THE FOURTH OF THE HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE SERIES OF CHARTS, IS NOW IN PRINT AND MAY BE HAD FROM THE MARINE REVIEW, 516 PERRY-PAYNE BUILDING. PRICE 75 CENTS. "ROPER'S LAND AND MARINE ENGINES,' BOUND IM MOROCCO WITH FLAP AND POCKET, WILL BE MAILED TO ANY ADDRESS FOR $3.50 SENT TO THE MARINE REVIEW, CLEVELAND, 0.