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10 MARINE REVIEW. United States Life Saving Service. According to the report of General Superintendent Kimball, the United States life saving establishment comprised on June 30, 1896, a total of 256 stations, of which 186 were located on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, fifty-five on the great lakes, fourteen on the Pacific coast, and one at the falls of the Ohio at Lousiville, Ky. The number of accidents to documented vessels within the scope of the service was 437, involving 4,608 persons, of which 4,595 were saved and thirteen lost. The estimated value of the vessels was $8,880,140, and of the cargoes $3,846,380, aggregating a total of $12,726,520. Of this amount $1,432,750 was lost. The number of documented vessels totally lost was sixty-seven. There were also during the year 243 casualties to undocumented crafts, sail boats, row boats, etc. Of the 594 persons on board 587 were saved and seven lost. The value of the property in those casualtes is estimated at $119,265, of which $114,915 was saved. During the year the crews saved and assisted to save 472 vessels with their cargoes valued at $4,853,110. The cost of maintaining the service for the year was $1,401,805. Average Lake Freight Rates. WILD AND CONTRACT RATES ON COAL, ORE AND GRAIN FOR THE PAST SEASON COMPARED WITH A RECORD OF RATES FOR TWENTY YEARS PREVIOUS.--LOW FIGURES FOR 1896. _ Average rates of freight on ore, coal and grain during the season of 1896, as prepared from a record of daily rates kept by the Marine Review, are compared in the following tables with the rates of prev- ious years. It must be understood that these rates are not averages on quantities of freight. They are the averages of rates ruling from day to day throghout the season. It may be well to note in connection with these averages, that season ore contracts were made last spring at $1.05 from the head of Lake Superior, 95 cents from Marquette and 70 cents from Escanaba, and that some soft coal was contracted at 474 cents to Milwaukee, 45 cents to Green Bay, and 40 cents to Portage and Duluth. 'The average "wild" rates of the season are: Iron ore --Escanaba to Ohio ports, 52 cents; Ashland, 77 cents; Marquette, 66 cents. Grain--Wheat, Chicago to Buffalo, 1.7 cents; wheat, Duluth to Buffalo, 2.2 cents. Soft coal--Ohio ports to Milwaukee, 334 cents; to Duluth, 294; to Portage, 32; to Escanaba, 27; to Mani- towoc, 32; to Sheboygan, 30; to Green Bay, 324. Hard coal--Buffalo to Chicago, 36 cents; to Milwaukee, 34}; to Duluth, 24; to Toledo, 25. "AVERAGE FREIGHT RATES ON IRON ORE FROM PORTS NAMED TO OHIO PORTS--A TABLE COVERING WILD AND CONTRACT RATES FOR TWENTY YEARS PAST. ESCANABA. MARQUETTE. oe aa : . Lake Superior. YEAR. Wild or Contract Wild or Contract Wild or Contract daily rate. rate. daily rate. rate. daily rate. rate. 1877 $0 98 $1 00 $1 41 $1 40 1878 81 90 1 22 1 30 1879 2b 90 1 83 1 40 1880 1 70 1 85 2 26 2 75 1881 1 36 175 2 05 2 45 1882 | 1 04 1 40 1 26 eb 1883 1 22 1 00. 1 40 1 20 1884 87 1 10 1 08 1 3b ioe A Rate 1885 78 90 98 1 05 $1 25 $1 15 1886 1 28 1 05 Alessi 1 20 sas) 1 20 1887 1 59 1 40 1 87 1 63 2 23 2 00 1888 1 05 90 1 30 1 15 1 43 1 25 1889 lease 1 00 1 19 1 10 1 34 1 25 1890 | 89 LO, 1 07 1 25 ae 1 35 1891 84 65 1 02 90 al alal 1 00 1892 74. 1 00-- 98 1 15 leat eo 1893 56 85 71 1 00 77 1 00 1894 46 60 60 80 78 80 1895 fi8} 5D 92 5 1 13 80 1896 52 70 66 95 77 1 05 Charge to vessel for trimming and unloading, 19 cents a ton. Average ore rates for the entire period of twenty years: Escanaha, contract $1.03, wild 98 cents; Marquette, contract $1 33, wild $1.27. Average for past ten years: Escanaba, contract 8744 cents, wild 84 cents; Marquette, contract $1.07, wild $1.03; Ashland and other ports at the head of Lake Superior, contract $1.1714, wild $1.19. AVERAGES OF DAILY RATES ON SOFT COAL FROM OHIO PORTS TO MILWAUKEE, ESCANABA, DULUTH, GREEN BAY AND MANITOWOC. Year. Milwaukee. Escanaba. Duluth. Green Bay. Manitowoc. AS Oia er ee ate $1 06 $0 72 SOKO resus) cae oa.s Pie apt ats WES it ors 84 61 GO ae seo greeted eavags Ss 8 IS SOR Seka tere. oy. 54 49 DO na Nie ee eae Ae er eee ee eae ay 1G OME Ba: 98: 64. 45 AO 2Ey Meee keh ee Sater toes SOME usin. oats tee 61 52 A Oyees* Sea .'. sageh ane). SPEDE IO 1892 ee watts 58 43 43 $0 55 $0 49° LE OB ate ees aants ays 48 40 38 50 Al ASCO eee 484 39 374 494 48 ASIDES worl! 54 39 364 50 51 TSOG Aten Ke 334 27 294 324 32 Average ten years 61 47 49 ATS 44 Chicago rate about same as Milwaukee. Coal of all kinds shipped in net tons and handled without charge to vessel. AVERAGES OF DAILY LAKE FREIGHT RATES ON HARD COAL FROM BUFFALO TO CHICAGO, DULUTH AND TOLEDO, DURING TEN YEARS PAST. Year. Chicago. Duluth. Toledo. WSS extn ce tec ae es ee pee PS ose sre Pee $1 05 $0 70 $0 35 SOS teri actrees Mier came teicee sxe bs tite:ie"s 86 65 Al SSO eet ROSS CMe ITIEL SS 05 EERE SS, 52 Al 27 LS90%8 1-34 Rieke ae cient. ied atl s tn. 62 43 33 BS OTs ee ees ees ne mece sinh as 4 Je 56 29 25 TIC OO ere on tpn parte vette ares 5, 35 59 43 27 QO Senge a he ok esis sin wore seis Suetage ea 49 29 28 IS OAM ren henna mises eats eee. 46 25 25 SOS Hes ee. Fee, NGO Seka 59 24. 30 ASO GE AEA hae Saha Bos pl 36 24 25 Average for ten years........-. 61 39 30 Rate to Milwaukee about 244 cents less than Chicago, and Detroit rate about the same as Toledo rate. AVERAGES OF DAILY RATES OF FREIGHT ON WHEAT FROM CHICAGO TO BUFFALO DURING THE PAST NINETEEN YEARS. Year. Wheat. Year. Wheat. SSM Ree are oe ese nte BEl=Cemtss s| POO Os eats ie aes ccers wae 2.5 cents. TSAO re ee a eS ISO O's Se eee ROMs PSS Oise trek ego hes Bi (ene fv HS Ole e psa tae ees Zip 7 TS Oil eee ees ego stage reas eee NSO De yer ons gs ae 262, 43 PSS Dee cee eects at ADT gs US OSes Sirs erat aan ee ecu AS Se seo SSB ca cre eats Sore. ASOD eee eee eae doi ce ASSAR eee Sas Sere, Daler SO eee aa eee oe Qe es SS ese reece a Oeras rare 2 oe PSO Gi eee ae awe' ASS Gh oats ere Sas Sa Giaanios MS SiGi act. ce cing eiack p 4d. OS Aver. nineteen years.. 2.8 " USSS eo te ov a ee Eee tok Charges to vessels for shoveling, trimming and tallying weights of grain foot up about $4.75 per 1,000 bushels. Additions to a Big Ship Building Plant. An addition to the machine shop at the Newport News Ship Build- ing and Dry Dock Co.'s works, which has just been decided upon, will give that company a machinery plant 500 feet long and 100 feet wide. The works are already among the finest in the world. This improvement is prompted by the several big naval contracts which the company has secured recently. About 2,600 men are now employed at these works, and it is expected that the number will shortly be increased to nearly 3,000. The foundry which furnishes castings for the Newport News works is 162 by 95 feet, and is controlled by iron traveling cranes of 25 ton and 10 ton capacity respectively, as well as several jib cranes on side floors. A high pressure cylinder cast recently for the battle- ship Kearsarge weighed 1,800 pounds. One ladle used in the foundry is of 20,000 pounds capacity. The manganese bronze propeller blades are now being made and as each one weighs 4,500 pounds, they are considered a nice piece of foundry work. The contract for the addition to the machine shup, referred to above, has been awarded to the Berlin Tron Bridge Co. of East Berlin, Conn. Capt. Dunn of the Dominion steamer Petrel has orders from the dpeartment of marine and fisheries at Ottawa to blow up the steamer Cottrell, which is sunk in Canadian water near the mouth of the De- troit river. The Cottrell has been struck a couple of times since she was sunk by passing vessels. The last vessel that struck her carried away the spar that marked the wreck, but a red spar buoy was im- mediately placed over the spot by Capt. Andrew Hackett of Amherst- burg. If we did not get your boat in the list of sixty which we had pho- tographed in the Detroit river, we can geta picture of her if she passes the Sault in daylight. sata iittala ta lat ie iii a a in a i a i a