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MARINE REVIEW. 0 ------ -- Salvage Money for Assisting Disabled Vessels. Owing to the high salvage money obtained by rendering assistance to a disabled ship at sea, many steamers and sailing vessels carry on an irregular sort of "wrecking business" by always being on the alert for stranded ships. A tramp steamer that could bring a great trans-atlantic liner into port in 4 disabled condition would realize more money than its owner would make ina trip across the sea with a full cargo. As an illustration of what salvage money is paid for towing steamers into port, mention can be made of a few conspicuous cases. In 1882 the City of Richmond was towed into Halifax harbor, and cost her owners $35,000 in salvage money. In the same winter the City of Boston broke her shaft at sea, and her owners were compelled to pay a bill, for towing and other aid, of $46,500. When the Atlantic liner Paris broke down off the Irish coast in 1890, she was towed into port at an expense of $30,000. So rich are these prizes that the coast wrecking companies frequently send powerful tugs to sea just after a storm in search of disabled vessels. Ifa steamer is several days overdue, the tugs may go hundreds of miles off the coast, and in this sense the companies extend their labors into new fiields, practising wrecking upon the high seas. When the fast Atlantic liner New York made her first voyage from the port of New York, she ran aground off Sandy Hook, and the owners had to pay nearly $100,000 to float her again. One of the Red D line steamers Water Tube Boilers. Writing of water tube boilers for war vessels in Cassier's Magazine, Past-Assistanit Engineer W. M. (McFarland of the United States navy says: As a type, water tube boilers may be said to consist of a mass of tubes, forming the heating surface, and uniting one or more steam drums at the top with one or more water drums, or their equivalents, at the bottom, the water being inside the tubes. They may be divided into two main classes, those having tubes of small diameter and those with tubes of large diameter. To the former belong those boilers which have already made a name for themselves on torpedo boats and yachts and a few large ships--the Thornycroft, the Yarrow, the Normand, the Du Temple, the Ward, the Cowles, the Mosher, the Towne, and others--while the latter have been used mainly on larger ships and comprise the Belleville, the D'Allest, the Niclausse, the Babcock & Wilcox, and some others. In the former, the tubes are not over 2 inches in external diameter, while in the latter they are rarely less than 3 inches. In the former, the tubes, though occasionally straight, are generally curved or bent, but in the latter they are always straight. The tubes themselves are of so small a diam- eter that they can readily be made safe for any pressure. The drums are the largest parts and they are still of such moderate dimensions that they, ' also, can be made of ample strength. Even in the case of those boilers ale MACLURE SAE, MACDONALD & CO., GLASGOW, PHOTOGRAPHERS. International Congress of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. From a photograph taken at Clyde entrance to ship yard of Messrs. Denny & Co., Dumbarton, Scotland. Stu ; x roa ine Brigantine shoals off New Jersey in 1889, and the wrecking Tecent Scie Bed her off received $40,000 for their services. The more ong ee posing the American line steamer St. Paul from the sand atlanite eee recalls the difficulty of hauling one of the great trans- Wrecking bar off a sandbar or mud-flat. Both the Chapman and Merritt Money, raaiiac: of New York combined to float her, and the salvage . Walsh ; nting to about $100,000 was divided among them.--George in Cassier's Magazine. TI 1¢ Bethlehem Iron Co. of South Bethlehem, Pa., on Aug. 12, suec- Cessf oh cae the first 16-inch gun ever made in this country. Over 100 gross furnace, which were used. It was heated in two 40-ton and one 20-ton wr the tube of foe charged beyond their capacity. The casting is simply '4 inches in fae gun. It is octagonal in shape, 19 feet 6 inches long, and ates govern meter. The jacket for the gun, which is for the United tube. The ment, will be cast later. It will be of the same size as the Ordnance Company is making extensive improvements to its armor and facture. Plants, which will result in the cheapening of the cost of manu- Lists Oo : ; ° c of 1897, m f names of captains and engineers of lake ships, appointments ay be had from the Marine Review for $1. Vest pocket size. Erie elev. e : s : i levators now have a combined capacity of 1,300,000 bushels. which have water legs or sides consisting of flat, stayed plates, they can be made strong enough for any pressures likely to be used for many years to come. It may be said, therefore, that water tube boilers are adapted to any pressure that may be desired. It is well understood that the cause of the gréat disaster when an ordinary boiler explodes is the large amount of contained water at a high temperature, and, as already pointed out, even when the boiler itself is not injured, but a pipe is ruptured, the large mass of water continues to give off steam for a long time. In the water 'tube boiler, there is much less danger of rupture, but, if it does unhappily occur, there is so much less water that the only damage will probably be the scalding of the people in the immediate vicinity. In all probability the boiler itself will not be injured beyond the weak part which gave way, and can be repaired." The Marine Review has prepared in neat oak frames cards containing the schedule of time required to be run between certain points in the St Mary's river under the speed limit of seven miles an hour. When hung in a pilot house, distance and time may be readily noted from these cards, as the type is large. They will be sent by express to any address at $1 each, or may be had upon application at 409 Perry-Payne building, Cleveland, for 65 cents each. ' The Review has excellent photographs of lake ships. eee