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16 MARINE REVIEW. | AVERAGE LAKE FREIGHTS. FIGURES RULING FROM DAY TO DAY DURING 1899 PROVE IN MOST CASES MORE THAN DOUBLE THOSE OF 1898, AND STILL GREATER WHEN COMPARED WITH 1897, WHICH WAS THE POOREST YEAR OF ALL. With insurance at an end on the great lakes, the special rates to be paid on a few cargoes that are to be moved under short extensions of policies, or without insurance of any kind, are not of importance in summarizing averages of daily freight rates for the season just closed. On account of the great extent of the ore traffic, compared with other branches of the lake trade, one item in this matter of freights that is of special importance is the average rate at which all iron ore was moved from the head of Lake Superior; not the average of daily rates, but the tonnage average, which represents both wild and contract ore, and which is secured through reports from all the ore shippers regarding their tons moved and their several averages. It is too early as yet to secure this figure, as reports have not been prepared by the ore companies, but the average daily rates on ore, coal and grain, not only for this year but for a great number of years past, have been made up from records kept by the Marine Review. These averages as regards iron ore are, of course, far above the tonnage average above referred to, on account of the great bulk of the ore having been moved on contracts made last winter and based on 60 cents a ton from the head of Lake Superior. It is needless to say that the average of daily rates for 1899 is very much in excess 'ol 1898--in most cases more than double--and 1f compared with 1897, a still poorer year, the difference is even greater. The average daily rate on ore. per gross ton from the head of Lake Superior, for instance, is $1.291%4 for the season just closed, against 57.2 cents in 1897; ore from Marquette, $1.08%4 in 1899, against 54.6 cents in 1897; ore from Escanaba, 94.8 cents in 1899, against 45.3 cents in 1897; wheat from Chicago to Buffalo, 2.7 cents per bushel in 1899, against 1.5 cents in 1897. It may be well to note that the averages given for five years past on wheat from Duluth to Buffalo represent the full season. For a period of about eighty days in the fall when Duluth grain shipments are most active the average would be much higher. Again let it be understood that the figures given in these summaries are not averages on quantities of freight. They are the averages of rates ruling from day to day throughout the season. AVERAGE DAILY RATES OF FREIGHT ON THE GREAT LAKES, SEASON OF 1899. 189) 1898 Cents. Cents. Iron ore, Escanaba to Ohio ports, gross ton................ 94.8 50.8 «head of Lake Superior to Ohio ports, gross ton... .129.5 61.0 "Marquette to Ohio ports, gross ton............... 108.5 59.8 Wingert, (Chricao (rey 1Bievsteilley, lotic occcgccenancod e4nuponeNe 2.7 1.5 See Dla tO Dititial@ abtisiielysea nse eee ink ee a 3.6 1.8 Soft coal, Ohio ports to Milwaukee, net ton................ 68.9 27.8 eo 8 Oo ports to Dyrolkindn, Wer Wiooocedseaacaasondse 45.4 23.4 eS OMNG WOrttS WoO IPowiAee, wee Wo ooodeoeccsnanaccce 56.4 29.7 iO hom ports stom VianitOwOGwe MetstOl: nase. 23s 3 67.0 28.5 oer OMmonpontsstoroneboy.cansmel tOms.-2. 42... -\. 66.5 27.8 © hOnpOnts touGheen: Haya Met-tOMmn. 4..05 4. oy ok 66.5 28.5 ee OO MOnisstOn scatabae Wet (Ole... sas. se as --- 58.2 26.4 Hard coal, Buffalo to Milwaukee, net ton................... ea 28.0 OS Byetitalke, two) (Clarenyetoy, mr WolniegganccccuoucaguGeooe 72.7 28.0 " titi OmtOnsD ilitheletetOlnatrigs soca. eer... fet 49.5 23.0 AVERAGE DAILY FREIGHT RATES DURING TEN YEARS ENDING WITH 1899. Cents. Iron ore, head of Lake Superior to Ohio ports, gross ton.......... 94 eee Via qterres ton © luo Onis, wtOSS LOM... sess sees foe so 82 Pe Hiscanabarton Olio; POs enOSs tOM-s4.s4o5.c5----5.+6 a. 6614 Soft coal, Ohio ports to Milwaukee, net ton....................... 49 © 8 OMni@ pores wo IDNulliso,, WE WONG S46connss0asbecosemeonG se 38 lelasal Goal, Itz tie (Chicago, mG WobtssaccvdcgacoucsdoadsoGe acto 50 eee (iit OMtOnD tMhiitiNCEetOM. cic ccs ceases eles cise' so oss 31y NW iheatan @hitcacOntombttitalonabtisitel.. sence. so. ce). >. 2s a 2 AVERAGE RATES ON WHEAT PER BUSHEL BY LAKE FROM CHICAGO TO BUFFALO. Year. Cents. Year. Cents. Year. Cents. 1859 5.08 1873 7.62 1887 4.13 1860 9.89 1874 4.03 1888 2 56 1861 11.53 1875 3.42 1889 2.51 1862 10.49 1876 2.90 1890 1.96 1863 7.51 1-77 3.72 1891 2.38 1864 9.58 1878 3 07 1892 2.19 1865 9.78 1879 4.74 1893 1.66 1866 12.34 1880 5.76 1894 eit 1867 6.67 1881 3.44 1895 1.97 1868 7.14 1882 2.50 13896 - 1.70 1869 6.81 1883 3.41 1897 1.56 1870 5.88 1884 2.18 1898 1.58 1871 7.62 1885 2.02 1899 2.71 1872 11.46 1886 3.68 Average 41 yrs., 4.93 Charges to vessels for shoveling, trimming and tallying weights of grain amounted to $3.98 per 1,000 bushels in 1899. : RANGE OF LAKE FREIGHT RATES ON WHEAT FROM DULUTH TO BUFFALO. Year. Rate, cents. Year. Rate, cents. SOO asi Metre its sebidcperhs so oS yA: 3.6 SO Siete od am SFOS td 2 he od 1.8 1891 134@9Y% NS OMMerinrre ce ee ee 75 1890 2 @5 SO Gara tenn SG eo) hac yea ae 2.12 1889 2 @5 1895 REN ee PeeWee Co Mic isccicic istanee 3.50 1888 2 @d ARE ME Magee L ete re 14@3 1887 2 @8 oOn ee ea 14@ 3% 1886 34@8 Tee me eT 24@ 4 Figures for four years just past represent average of daily rates for full sea- son; previous to 1595 the rates are highest and lowest of each season, [December 7, AVERAGE FREIGHT RATES ON IRON ORE PER GROSS TON, FROM PORTS NAMED TO OHIO PORTS--TABLE COVERING WILD AND CONTRACT RATES FOR TWENTY YEARS PAST. ASHLAND AND 0 HER POR!S ESCANABA. MARQUETTE. aT YEAR, Wild or Contract Wild or Contract Wild or Contract daily rate. rate. daily rate. rate. daily rate. rate. 1880 $1 70 $l 85 $2 26 SOT Oyen aete meer te ure name 1881 1 36 1 75 2 05 Pye A alias ctes Mk |e a eae eciee 1882 1 04 1 40 1 26 le NOt ee || ine tae etry arg EE acacia 1883 122 100 . 1 40 SNS?) hse |e Feate crerstercretg ees | gee ca.s sities 1484 87 110 1 08 ES Oye ll eee cena eee eee 1885 78 90 98 1 05 $1 25 $1 15 1886 1 28 1 05 1 51 1 20 1 78 1 20 1887 1 59 1 40 1 87 1 63 Qe 2 00 1888 1 05 90 1 30 1 15 1 48 1 25 1889 1 O1 1 00 1 19 1 10 1 34 1 25 1890 89 1 10 1 07 1 25 117 1 35 1891 84. 65 J 02 90 1 11 1 00 1892 74 1 00 98 115 1 15 1320 1893 56 85 a 1 00 Mah 1 00 1894 47 i 60 1:60 = 80 78 80 1895 73 55 92 75 1 13 80 1846 by 70 66 95 77 1 05 1897 45 45 55 65 57 70 1598 di 45 60 60 62 60 1899 95 50 1 08% 60 1 29% 60 Charge to vessel in 1899 for trimming and unloading, 19 cents a ton. Average ore rates for the entire period of twenty years: Escanaba, eontract 96 cents, wild 9214 cents; Marquette, contract $1.21, wild $1.15%; Average for past ten years: Escanaba, contract 68% cents, wild 66% cents; Marquette, contract 8644 cents, wild 82 cents; Ashland and other ports at the head of Lake Superior, contract 91% cents, wild 94 cents. AVERAGES OF DAILY RATES ON SOFT COAL FROM OHIO PORTS TO CHICAGO, MIL- WAUKEE, ESCANABA, DULUTH, GREEN BAY AND MANITOWOC. Milwaukee. Escanaba. Duluth Green Bay. Man'woc. Year. Cents. Certs. Cents. Cents. cents. . SO Oe ree alee eens 64. 45 49 Sad aa LS ONES ee hess reheat 61 52 49 Bee Bae SOD eer fa eee a er ery eh ee 58 43 43 55 49 BO Oke eee ee 48 40 38 50 41 1 SOARES Oe Get a ct nein ewer 4814 39 BYR 49% 48 SOD Sire ae ones rs terete j4 39 30% 50 51 SO Geers er sia ye Menace 334 27 29% 32% 32 LB OTE ES io ree tani a 2834 2974 26 30 31 HBO RES Sey Pilot anor 28 26% 23 284 2814 TRO Sse eee e eae ore: 69 58 454 66% 67 Average for ten years... 49 40 38 45 43% Chicago rate about same as Milwaukee. Coal of all kinds shipped in net tons and handled without charge to vessel. AVERAGE OF DAILY LAKE FREIGHT RATES ON HARD COAL FROM BUFFALO TO CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE AND DULUTH DURING TEN YEARS PAST. Chicago. Duluth. Year. Cen's. Cents. MS 9 ees ieee Cte ea rNP IC Daher gn cele -di es oie io oon a sig tele 62 43 ONES atch a mee ere ere een Seater ce ee cae a eomage 56 29 SO Oe are ices Scene Mee ein cae st liriees oh wees a beds 59 43 NSO Brie emer eee meee ea a's sa ea ete seme ere 49 29 eee case cat a este ic oe 46 25 MS Fy ae ceed ate eae eNO ES ia to cand naan as omacataae 59 24 SO Oe ec eee Boe en Na SP PR es secu cose os Neue a hee 36 . 24 IUCN G seenotiass Soo G65 sub. 6 ot ou ocr ernest 29 26 list ei igen cint 66.66.66 Go tee eee 6 cae Oe ees er 28 23 SO Oe steer nea err Aire eran ASIC ats PS UN ee os 73 49 INViCGAMCmLOtstCi ny eaieSi en cis terse css os ioe 50 31% Rate to Milwaukee practically the same as to Chicago. Hard coal is net tons and is handled without charge to vessel. In the regular monthly chart just issued by the weather bureau Alfred J. Henry has the following to say of December storms on the great lakes: "The first half of December, during which time navigation on the great lakes practically comes to an end, is a stormy period, yet not more so than at any other time during the winter season. The winds of November may be as high or higher than those of December, in fact there is no single month of which it may be said the winds are notably stronger than during any other month of the year. The heavy continuous lines on this, as on former charts, show the average paths of storms passing over the lake region, of which there have been 160 during the past twenty years, an average of eight per month." ' It is announced that the navy department has remitted penalties to the amount of $36,000 for the failure of the Bath Iron Works to complete the torpedo boat Dahlgren on time and other penalties amounting to over $20,000 will probably be also remitted. This is the usual method of pro- cedure where the completion of a naval vessel is delayed by inability to get material as was the case with this torpedo boat. The new steamer Pathfinder of the United States Coast and G odet'c Survey, which has been described and illustrated in previous issues of the Review, has left San Francisco for Hawaii where the work of surveying and charting the channels and harbors will be prosecuted. In connection a this work surveys will be made for landings of the proposed -Pacific cable. iia ti iat i