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24 MARINE REVIEW. [May 24; : FOUR-POINT BEARING. Editor Marine Review: Having noted the paper of Mr. Frank Hen- rich as to 'four-point bearing," I send the following, which appears better than his method, as you do not have to move an inch from your present position to determine your distance from a A certain point, whether it be abeam, ahead or astern: To find distance AB from B: Lay out BE at right angles to AB. Produce BE to C, so that EC may be some even fraction, as % or 1/10 of BE. Then from Clay ¢ E B out, as before, CD perpendicular to BC, so that DE and A may be in one continued line; then measure CD; then we have HG: CD -. BE: AB. 'Or, in other words, multiply CD by BE and divide by p EC and the result will be the distance from B to A. This looks intricate, but try it on a known distance and see how easy it is, and what is more it is absolutely exact. EB MAHAILSEY. No. 52 William st., New York City. AMERICAN BRIDGE CO. As had been expected, Percival Roberts, Jr., of the Pencoyd Iron Works, was made president of the American Bridge Co., the consolidation - which includes twenty-six bridge works in different parts of the country. The vice-presidents are W. H. McCord of Post & McCord, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Charles McDonald, Union Bridge Co., Athens, Pa.; Charles M. Jarvis, Berlin Iron Bridge Co., East Berlin, Gonn.; Frank Conger, 'Groton Bridge & Mfg. Co., Groton, 'N. Y. The secretary is D. O. Morgan and the treasurer, Wm. H. Connell, president of the Edgemoor Bridge Works, Edgemoor, Del.; chief engineer, C. C. Schneider; mechanical engineer, James M. Christy. The board of directors will consist of twenty-one members, including officers mentioned above. A. C. Case of the Carnegie Steel Co.'s credit department, and Robert Bacon and C. H. Steele of J. P. Morgan & Co., New York, are also on the board. MAIDEN TRIP OF THE GROSSER KURFUERST. The new North German Lloyd twin-screw steamer Grosser Kurfuerst (in English "the Great Elector') has just finished her first trip to New York from Bremen and Southampton. She is not a greyhound, but is faster than any of the great cargo and passenger ships of her class. She is 58114 feet over all, of 62 feet beam and 39 feet deep. She can carry 12,000 tons dead weight cargo, more'than 2,000 steerage passengers, 250 cabin passengers and 150 second-cabin passengers. She is driven by two sets of quadruple expansion engines of 8,000 horse power, which, on her trial trip, gave her a speed of 17 knots! She is a weather-defier, with bilge keels. All her cabin passenger accommodations are in a super- structure amidships. . The Nickel Plate road offers special low rates to Milwaukee, Wis., account biennial meeting General Federation of Women's Club. 'Tickets sold June 1 to 4 inclusive; good returning until June 11, or by deposit until June 30 inclusive. Call on or address B.A. Akers, C. P.& T. A., Cleveland, O., or C. A. Asterlin, T. P. A., Ft. Wayne, Ind. 68 June 4. ITEMS OF GENERAL INTEREST. The steam yacht Kanawha made a fast run from New York to New London a few days ago. She covered the distance of 116 miles in 5 hours and 52 minutes. This remarkable performance breaks all previous records, with the exception of that made by the greyhound of the sound, the City of Lowell, the latter vessel holding the record at 5 hours and 32 minutes. Another large steam icebreaker for Lake Baikal will be sent from St. Petersburg to Siberia on the opening of navigation. The vessel, which was built by the Armstrongs of 'New Castle, England, will be dispatched by railway in pieces. It is 200 feet long, 57 feet in width, and 4,200 tons displacement. The Cleveland Marine Review announces that hereafter its regular paper will consist of forty pages and that the subscription price will be in- creased to three dollars per year. The Review has always endeavored to give full value for its subscription receipts and of late has shown a marked expansion in enterprise.--Marine Journal, New York. Letters of incorporation have been granted in Canada to the Cramp Ontario Steel Co., Limited. The capital stock is placed at $5,000,000, divided into shares of $500 each. Among the incorporators are Charles D. Cramp and William N. Cramp, late of William Cramp & Sons Ship & Engine Building Co. of Philadelphia. INCREASED RATE OF COMBUSTION. Independently of the greater economy and higher rates of combrytion, mechanical draft stands as the only means by which the increased rate can be economically obtained. Coincidently the boiler capacity must of necessity be greater, provided-the grate area is maintained. The expense or inconvenience of a chimney, to obtain rates above 20 or 25 pounds per square foot per hour, becomes so great as to practically preclude an in- crease. As observed by A. J. Durston, "as long as draft was dependent upon a funnel for its production, a much greater combustion than 25 pounds of coal per square foot of grate was rarely achieved; with artificial draft, on the other hand, thesrate of combustion may be accelerated to any amount, and as a boiler's capability of transmitting heat without injury t> itself is simply a matter of degree, experience has been necessary to de- termine the rates of combustion that can with safety be employed with different types of boilers." : When it is considered that in boilers of the marine type the combus- tion rate resulting from the employment of mechanical draft is NOW carried as high as 40 to 50 pounds, that in torpedo boat and similar service a rate of 70 to 80 pounds is frequent, and in locomotive practice as high as 120 pounds is not at all tunusual, the possibilities of increased rates of com- bustion with mechanical draft are evident----Extract from "Treatise on Mechanical 'Draft" by B. F. Sturtevant Co., Boston, Mass. CHARTS OF THE ST. LAWRENCE.--It frequently happens that owners of steam yachts passing between the lakes and the Atlantic want charts of the St. Lawrence river, and want them in a hurry. The Marine Review has them on hand all the ttme--complete from Lake Ontario to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. New 16'" Back Geared Crank Shaper. NEW YORK OFFICE: 120 Broadway, Geo. Place, Agent. NEW ORLEANS: The Fairbanks Co. CHICAGO STORE: 68-70 South Canal Street. PHILADELPHIA: The Fairbanks Co. CLEVELAND: The Strong, Carlisle & Hammond Co. BOSTON STORE: 36 Federal Street. BALTIMORE: The Fairbanks Co. Supply Co. Finsbury, E. C. Machine Tools LATHES, PLANERS, SHAPERS, BORING and TURNING MILLS, UPRIGHT and RADIAL DRILLS, SCREW MACHINES, : PULLEY LATHES, BOLT CUTTERS, Etc. The American Tool Works Co., BUILDERS OF COMPLETE LINES OF MACHINE TOOLS, Wy Eee Ss: CINICININA TI SAN FRANCISCO: Henshaw, Bulkley & Co. DENVER AND SALT LAKE CITY: The Mine & Smelter LONDON: Alfred Herbert, Ltd., 7 Leonard St., DUSSELDORF: de Fries & Co., Act. Ges., Graf Adolf Strasse, 83-87 l i Hi i ai 3" Radial Drill. ANTWERP: Nyssens Freres, 33 Rue des Peignes. BERLIN: de Fries & Co., Act. Ges., Kloster Strasse, 13-15. PARIS : Roux Freres & Cie., 54 Boulevard du Temple. MOSCOW: Alfred Stucken.