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MARINE REVIEW. [September 27, SHIP BUILDING IN GERMANY. ICE-BREAKING PILOT STEAMER BUILDING AT KIEL FOR SERVICE AT THE KERTSCH, WHICH CONNECTS THE BLACK SEA WITH THE AZOF, BY GEO, CROUSE COOK. Mr. George Crouse Cook, a young American who is profiting by ptac- tical connection with ship building practice in Germany, favors the Review with another article from the Howaldtswerke at Kiel, Germany. He de- scribes an ice-breaking pilot steamer building there for the Kertsch- Jenikal'schen Pilot Co. of Russia. The plans are by Mr. Cook. : "The Kertsch," from which the Russian company takes its name, is the passage to the east of the Crimea peninsula connecting the Black sea _ with the Azof. This passage is frequented by cargo and passenger steam- ers, particularly the former, which carry much of the enormous wheat product of southern Russia out from the ports on the Azof through the Kertsch to the Black sea and then to the world. The climatic conditions are those of extreme heat and cold. During the winter season the Kertsch is often covered with ice. The passage of vessels is frequently blocked. The kind of steamer required, therefore, was one which would not only be of use in putting pilots on board incoming vessels, but which would also is placed on the deck aft and handled by a boom which rises from the deck at the after end of the deck house. A towing hook and associated gear is fitted on the after end of the deck house. Under the forecastle are divisions for ship's stores, lamp room, water closets for pilots and crew, galley and entrance to forward accommodations. The greater portion of the deck house merely forms a casing for engine and boiler and is built of steel, but in the extreme after part, which is of wood, is the entrance to the officers' cabins, fitted with sofa, table and a water closet. On star- board side of the casing, at frame No. 30, is a steam pipe tank, giving a constant supply of hot water for warming drinks, etc.. In appearance the hull is long and powerful. The actual freeboard is not great, but a deep continuous bulwark is fitted, which gives protection in heavy weather, and which is carried up to the height of forecastle forward in an easy curve. In the sides of the forecastle are hawse pipes for patent stock- less anchors. : : The hull is subdivided into seven transverse water tight compartments by six water tight bulkheads. Five of the bulkheads are integral, while -- the sixth, between engine and boiler room, is cut for two water tight swinging doors. The forward compartment, which is divided by a non- water tight bulkhead on frame No. 69 for a chain locker, stands for safety in collision. In the second compartment, extending from frame 66 to 48. , insure continuous service for these vessels throughout the year by crush- ing ice in the channel and by being suited also to towing purposes. Ac- commodations suitable for officers of the company, quarantine or custom officials were also required. The following design, independently based on elemental principles drawn from these requirements, conditions and surroundings, was decided upon: Length over deck, 120 ft.; length be- tween perpendiculars, 116 ft.; beam, 24 ft.; depth, keel to deck, 10 ft. 9 in; FRAMES - 33" Yoo AIEV ERAMIED- 2e"n2"--%" DISTANCE SETWEEN THE FRAMES-20, 17%" % jie" FLOORS Un OER E's. 3". Sgt * Ban2 2 ne 9" « Se" ICE-CRUSHING PILOT STEAMER. maximum draught, 8 ft. 9 in.; displacement, 270 tons; normal horse power, 350; normal speed, 10 knots; forced horse power, 520; forced speed, 11 knots; coal supply, 31 tons. ; : The ship has one pole mast forward with one staysail and one trysail; - one funnel ; a short forecastle deck bearing anchor windlass; a deck house extending for about one-half length amidship, with bridge and chart house at forward end, and a powerful searchlight standing on the chart house. The two main boats are swung from davits on the sides, A dingy IOK-ORUSHING PILOT STEAMER BUILDING AT HOWALDTSWERKE, KIEL, GERMANY. (where a light wooden deck is fitted about 6 ft. 6 in. down from main deck), are accommodations for the captain, engineer, four sailors, two firemen and ten pilots. These rooms are reached by a companion way under the forecastle and are lighted naturally by side lights and com- bination ventilators and deck lights. Under the cabin floor is a fresh water tank with leads to galley, pantry, etc. The third compartment is for general stores and is reached by a large hatch in the main deck. The stores are handled by a boom on the mast, which is operated by a steam winch capable of lifting 214 tons. The fourth compartment is occupied by the boiler and subdivided by non-water tight longitudinal bulkheads, which form coal bunkers to port and starboard. In after port corner of this compartment is an escape' to a hatch in the'main deck, to be used in event of the usual exit, which is by ladder to a door in the side of the deck house, being rendered useless by accident. From the boiler room a water tight door in the bulkhead on frame 380, which is carried to the top of deck house, leads to the fifth compartment, the engine room. In this compartment a double bottom is fitted to give exceptional strength for engine base and also to withstand the shock resulting from a rush against. This tank is also to be used for water ballast purposes. A water tight box is built out from the engine room after bulkhead on frame 21 for the thrust block and its foundation. _ The engine room is connected with the "escape" by a water tight swinging door, . Inthe compartment from. frames 21 to 9 are the official accommoda- tions, consisting of three cabins, each fitted with berth, washstand, etc.; also a pantry and mess room supplied with the usual fittings and all reached by steps from the deck house. These accommodations rest on a steel water tight flat, about 6 ft. 6 in. down from the main deck, which forms, with the skin and limiting bulkheads, a large water ballast tank, independent of that under the engine. The after compartment is a recep- tacle for general stores and is divided by a non-water tight bulkhead on frame 5. Each section is entered by. hatch in main deck. The stores are shipped by the boat and cargo boom, which is operated by a hand winch of 1% tons power. The rudder stock is protected from the ice, when the vessel is moving backwards for a charge upon the ice, by a cast steel hood, he disposition of displacement is that given by the two mathematical curves, versine and trochoid, which are generally acknowledged to give form of minimum resistance. The lines of the vessel are faired roundly in every direction that it may not be easily nipped by the ice. The profile of the stem is cut away from the bow to frame 4, that the ship, when rushing forward against ice, may mount upon the field, crushing it down. This quality is increased by the after trim afforded by the great ballast tanks. The after body. above the water line fills out rapidly, so that a great trimming moment is created when the stem is driven up on the ice field. This moment, acting with the length of the boat as a lever, gives