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1901.] INCEPTION OF CONSOLIDATED LAKE SUPERIOR CO. Mr. Theodore C. Search, president of the National Association of Manufacturers, gave out in Detroit last week the early history of the Consolidated Lake Superior Co. at the Sault in the development of which Mr. Clergue secured his interest and that of several other Philadelphia capitalists. Discussing the enterprises he said: "We started on our power project at a time when no one cared to put money into anything. It was in the panic times of 1893, and we made up our minds that any development we should undertake would have to be paid for by our own money. The canals on the Canada side were shorter, and for that reason we undertook our first work on that side of the river. We developed 20,000 H.P. Then came the necessity of utilizing it, as there was then no individual demand for it. We accord- ingly built a pulp mill. Then came the panic, and there was no demand for the pulp. This necessitated our storing it wet, and it spoiled on our hands. To add to this came the paper panic when no one knew from one day to another what the price of paper would 'be, and it went from bad to worse. We then hit upon a plan to manufacture our pulp dry and invented the machinery to do it with. The result is that we are now making our pulp dry, and are shipping it to all parts of the world in that condition, thereby saving the freight we paid on the 55 per cent. water formerly in the material. "Times got better. We were able to interest other capital, and we decided to begin operations on the American side on the land we had taken the precaution to secure. The strip was 400 ft. wide, running through the middle of the town of Sault Ste. Marie. Other parties had attempted to develop water power, but had made a failure of it. The town then took it up; we came along and secured its co-operation, with the result that there is now a canal 12,000 ft. long and 250 ft. wide, except where it goes through the solid rock. Here it is 200 ft. wide and 21% ft. deep. The work there is about 90 per cent. finished and we expect that it will be completed by fall. The canal ends in a power house nearly 1,400 ft. long, built of cement blocks, made on the spot and fitted with the pent stocks through which the water passes. There are eighty of these pent stocks, and to each pent stock there are four turbine wheels, making 320 turbine wheels that will be in operation when the work is complete. "Then came the industries which are to use the power. The Calcium Carbide Co. will take 20,000 H.P., and the American Alkali Co. 15,000 H.P. We could sell the remainder of the power, but we will need it for running our own works. These will be a large paper mill and iron and steel mills. To the latter we will send our ore from the Canadian side, thus giving us access to the American markets, while from the Canadian side we have access to the markets of the world. "What do I consider the future of the territory surrounding the Canadian Sault? I think it is a veritable storehouse of minerals which can be drawn on for many years to come. The steel mills now being built at the Canadian Sault will have a capacity of 2,600 tons a day. There MARINE REVIEW. 27 ~ is an unlimited supply of ore and it is of the finest quality. The ore from our first mine, to which we were compelled to build 12 miles of railroad, is a good Bessemer, and the ore from the second mine, to which we had to extend the railroad, is as good as any Bessemer ore now known to exist. It runs very light in phosphorus. The timber on the land north of the Canadian Sault is also of the best and very valu- able. We will eventually utilize all the resources of the property." NEW CLASSIFICATION OF NAVAL VESSELS. _ President McKinley has just signed an order to carry out the provi- sions of a law of congress for a new classification of naval vessels. Ever since the navy was established the classification has been by the number of guns carried, a proper rating when guns determined the character of the vessel. In those days of seventy-fours and old wooden ships with several tiers of gun decks, no vessel carrying less than fifty guns in its main battery was a first rater. Nowadays, with powerful breechloading rifles, armored turrets and armored sides, the biggest battleship doesn't carry half that many guns in the main battery and many large ships have not half that number in main and secondary batteries combined. For years the navy department has been trying to secure a reclassification, but congress was indifferent, and it was not until the last session that a rerating bill was passed. The new elassification is by displacement or the weight of water in tons displaced by the ship. There are four new ratings, and ships of certain types are not to be rated. The unrated class consists of torpedo boat destroyers, torpedo boats, tugs, sailing ships and receiving ships. The regular ratings are as follows: First rate, men-of-war only, 8,000 tons and above; second rate, men-of-war of 4,000 tons and under 8,000 tons, and converted and auxiliary vessels of 6,000 tons and above, except col- liers, refrigerating ships, distilling ships, tank steamers, repair ships, hospital ships, and other vessels for special purposes; third rate, men- of-war of 1,000 to 6,000 tons, and colliers, refrigerating ships, etc.; fourth rate, all other vessels. Under the new classification the new battleship Texas of 5,300 tons displacement becomes a vessel of the second rate. All other armored ships, except monitors, are in the first class, the smallest of them, the armored cruiser New York, having a displacement of 8,480 tons. The big commerce destroyers, Columbia and Minneapolis, will 'be of the second rate, with a displacement of 7,476 tons each. Admiral Dewey's famous flagship, the protected cruiser Olympia, with 5,800 tons dis- placement, is also of the second rate. Under the old classification the Columbia, the Minneapolis, the Texas, the Puritan, the Olympia and the Chicago were first raters, The Puritan, a monitor of 5,060 tons, and the Chicago, a protected cruiser of 5,000 tons, become second raters. The president's order also designates the commands to which officers of the several grades are entitled. A rear admiral, as well as the admiral, may command a fleet. BELLEVILLE GENERATORS Grand Prix 1889 Originated 1849 Hors Concours. 18900 Latest Improvements 1896 Number of Nautical Miles made each year by Steamships of the Messageries Maritimes Co., Provided with Belleville Generators--Since their Adoption in the Service. Year Australien | Polynésien aaa mie ae a _ he Chili Cordillére Laos Indus Tonkin Annam Atlantique [OSG es 67,728 2,460 ESO fe. 68,247 68,331 204 (S92)... 68,247 68,403 69,822 23,259 £893. 0555.50: 68,379 68,343 68,286 68,247 (394.002. s. ...3 68,439 68,367 68,574 68,439 37,701 1895.. 20.4... 68,673 68,766 68,739 68,808 40,887 28,713 1896. 6.656i.06 69,534 92,718 69,696 69,549 62,205 63,153 40,716 18972. c.00 5.53: 68,250 69,606 92,736 69,555 62,235 76,110 63,357 43,146 1898.. 70,938 69,534 69,552 69,597 62,526 63,240 63,240 62,553 63,954 22,707 16995... eeccc 69,534 69,615 67,431 90,405 60,246 62,778 62,868 52,344 54,855 44,007 22,884 1900... .33..: 69,534 67,494 69,744 69,564 61,719 62,382 62,502 51,471 53,373 62,016 63,066 52,140 Total.......s. 757,503 | 713,637 | 644,784 | 597,423 | 387,519 | 356,376 | 292,683 | 209,514 | 172,182] 128,730 85,950 .§2,140 ATELIERS ET CHANTIERS DE L'ERMITAGE, A ST. DENIS (SEINE), FRANCE. WORKS AND YARDS OF L'ERMITAGE AT ST. DENIS (SEINE), FRANCE. 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