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123 1901.) MARINE a said: "This year, of so much interest to the people of the United States, finds Michigan furnishing a hopeful illustration of the results of the experiment made a hundred years ago. . She was then governed by martial law, with few people and but one. civil settlement. For: twenty years after the declaration of independence, she remained under British control, and was intended to be reserved as a refuge for savages and a haunt of beasts of the chase. A few years later she fell again for a short time under the same governance, as much to the surprise of the captors as to the disgust and rage of the surrendered. But with the recapture came the beginning of progress. Multitudes of the revolutionary patriots and of their children came westward to enjoy the inheritance earned by the struggle for independence. The laws and customs of the new land were fresh copies of those of the older colonies, changed only where change was needed. In every village churches and schools stood fore- most in the estimation of the people, and ignorance, idleness and im- morality were under the ban." So much for general influences. ° The men who had most to do with them must not be forgotten. Chief and foremost is the name of Cass, and with him many other of national and worldwide renown. While receiving influences on her development, Michigan has not been slow to assert herself upon others. The University of Michigan is the pioneer of much of the modern system of American education. The Michigan supreme court under the immortal quartet, Campbell, Cooley, Christiancy and Graves, continues and will continue to. be quoted with respect, ad- miration and authority throughout the English-speaking world. We have not selfishly absorbed, but have given to the world even more than we have received. Ii is well to listen to the wise man when he says "Let us now praise honest men.'"' Where else do we need to turn? We have had statesmen in Cass, Lothrop, Dickinson and McClelland; senators in Felch, Norvall, Howard and Chandler; judges in the noble quartet I have mentioned; merchant princes, manufacturers, civic reformers, ad- vocates, authors, educators, poets, artists, scientists, explorers, ethnolo- gists, financiers, diplomats; whole-souled gentlemen, Christian prelates, and devoted missionaries; kings of men, as noble as the noblest, like the oe you all know. We have-had orators, too, and we have them still. : May I in conclusion say something about the Detroit of my first acquaintance, and recall a few of the events and circumstances of the times? I came here first in the early summer of 1845 in search of em- ployment which I did not find. But I had better luck the next year, and worked for Freeman & Bro., who kept.a grocery store on the corner of Brush street and Jefferson avenue. I spent portions of '45, '46 and '47 in your beautiful city. It was then as beautiful as now. Many streets were not paved, and were sandy and sometimes, very muddy. -It seems to me now that down through the middle of Jefferson"avernue was a plank road and that in the autumn and winter months the mud on each side of it used to be hub deep, and that portion of the avenue between Bates and Brush streets was the market place of the city, where stood loads of wood, hay and potatoes every day in the year. except Sundays and holidays. Garry Spencer, justice of the peace, before whom all infractions of city ordinances were tried, had his office on the upper side of the avenue near this market place, and not infrequently a boisterous: mob' stood about his office door on the sidewalk, eager to learn for how many days or dollars the sentences were. I think there were four good banks then in the city--the' Michigan Insurance-Company bank,.the Peninsular, the Farmers & Mechanics, and the State bank. They were all good always, and when they quit they did.it honorably.. There is much to write about the banks and brokers of Michigan in éarly:days that would be entertain- ing, but far too voluminous for this. occasion. There was a plague here in those early days known as fever and. agte, that came in April and re- mained until December, leaving seéds for the next. year's crop: Seventy- five per cent. of the people of all ages had it each year, 'and they shook at regular and irregular hours every other day. When the apples and peaches were ripe one of these shakers could grasp the trunk of a tree and before he was through shaking all the fruit would be harvested. More than half a century has passed since my first visit to Detroit, and every one of its years has brouglit to Detroit. some improvement, and developed its industries, its beauty and its natural charm. Detroit citizens may take just pride in their city,for all Michigan is proud of it, and in a peculiar way it belongs to all Michigan; for it has been the key of the state's development and progress. No boat ever plies the great-- lakes but some eye views admiringly the City of the Straits and its beau- tiful park. No stranger ever visited it without giving it its desired tribute of praise, and no traveller returning to it as his home but has noticed ~ with eyes grown keener-sighted by wider observation, . how. richly nature has endowed Detroit and how ably and wisely its people have builded and adorned it. And it seems most fitting that the people of. Detroit: should celebrate today two hundred years of progress and should give their meed of praise to those men who, by their bravery, their wisdom and their energy, have brought the city to its fair perfection, and going back over the long list, that they should delight to dwell on its romantic beginnings and picture to themselves a July day two hundred years ago when that brave soldier of France, Cadillac, building better than he knew, laid the foundation of the most beautiful city of the west. Cadillac, with a keen eye to its commercial importance, distinguished it as "the porte ouvre on this continent through which the king might go in and out to trade with his allies." To none of these'explorers did the future seem so hidden as to those who landed upon the banks of the Detroit river on July 25, 1701. A Pittsburg dispatch says that the Pittsburg Seamless Tube Co. has asked for a state charter and will enter the commercial field in competi- tion with the National Tube Co. It is proposed to acquire the plant, patents, etc., of the old Atlantic Tube Co. at Beaver, Pa, which will be sold under foreclosure next month. The Atlantic bondholders will, it is said, accept the paper of the new~>concern. The Atlantic has run. down and has 'been doing little for some time. Now that the Shelby company has been absorbed by the United States Steel Corporation, the Pittsburg promoters believe that a strong independent concefn' can succeed. The capital will be about $1,000,000. # Work on the five-masted schooner, How building for the Sutton. fleet of New Haven, Mass., at the West Mystic yard of the Holmes Ship Build- ing Co. is progressing rapidly. REVIEW. "sent, postpaid, to any address for $1.25; regular price' $1.75. "3x4 ft. The Marine-Review Pub. Co., Perry-Payne building, Cleveland. Chart of the whole bay on one sheet at the same price. 9 ' ose GROWTH OF TRADE WITH. MEXICO. The rapid growth of the trade of the United States with Mexico is illustrated by the following statement by the British consul in Mexico, a copy of which has just reached the treasury buréau of statistics: © "It is very interesting to note the fluctuations in the proportion that each of the principal countries represents in the total import trade of Mexico. According to returns -already published, it is seen that in the year 1873 the United Kingdom's share in this trade represented a very much larger proportion, but with the advance of the railways this. pro- portion has decreased very materially. On the other hand, the proportion of merchandise imported from or through the United States has advanced _very considerably. In the fiscal year 1872-3 its value represented 26 per cent. of the total, while in the year ended:Dee..31, 1900, this.proportion had risen to 51 per cent. The value of the imports from the United Kingdom and her colonies in the calendar year 1900 was £2917, 111, as against £2,072,103 in 1899, which, though greater in value, shows a pro- portion of only 17 per cent. as against 18% per cent, in 1899. The value of the imports from her colonies shows that India sent over .£76,000, and Australia £6,720, while Canada shows biit a value of £1,640.. Although these figures, if compared with the statistics published by the government of the dominion, would show a difference, it must be borne in-mind that as all the imports from Canada' have to pass through the United States (there being no direct maritime service from Canada to Mexico), in the Mexican returns it is more than probable that they are entered as being of American production. pom wide oss "The imports from the United States of America represent a value of £6,767,042, as against £5,502,041 -in 1899, showing an incréase of 23 per cent. over those of last year, and.an advance from 4834 to" 5114 per cent. of the total value of the imports. The-value of the impotts from France in 1900 was £1,383,869, as against £1;294,922 in 1899° which shows a stil! further decrease in the proportion they bear to the total value of the imports. In 1899 their value represented 1114 per cent., while in the present year-the proportion is only 10% per cent. An increase of £253,467, or nearly 21 per'cent., is visible in the value of the.imports from Germany during the present year. The value is respectively £1,222,784 in 1899 and £1,476,630 in 1900; but notwithstanding this advance in value, its propor- re to the total is but 1114 per cent., as compared with 1034 percent. in '"Spain's proportion of the trade of Mexico fluctuates between 4 and 5¥2 per cent. in each year. In 1899 the value of Spanish merchandise imported into this country was £609,209, representing 5%4 per cent. of the total value of the imports; while in the year 1900 the value was £596,196, and represents a proportion of but 4% per cent. Other countries, prin- cipally European nations (in the following order: Belgium, Italy, Aus- tria-Hungary, Switzerland and Holland) make up the greater. portion of the value of the imports under this head, which show a value of £653,632, as against £553,256 in 1899. This increase, however, doés not increase its proportion of 5 per cent. to the total value of the imports. "The total value from the whole of Central and South America and the West Indies (Cuba) in the year 1900 was only £108,194, or scarcely more than the value of the merchandise imported from Italy alone (£103,198). This is the more noticeable, as on account of their proximity to this _ country, one would suppose that a readier market could be found here for the produce of these countries, but the. means of communication are diffi- cult, most of the countries having to send either to New York, Jamaica, and even the United Kingdom, in order to find a means. of conveying their merchandise to Mexico. In the case of the imports the connections can be made, but in order to send produce or merchandise from here to the Southern American republics on the Atlantic seaboard, it is, one may say, imperative to send them to New York or the United Kingdom, as the only means of sending them otherwise is by the Spanish line, which sometimes touches. at ports in the West Indies." -- ee GROWTH OF SEA-GOING LIGHTERAGE TRADE. Sea-going lighters without means of self-propulsion and towed across the ocean by steam tugs have, on account of the small cost of building and working them, their large-eargo-carrying capacity, and their special fit- ness for the coasting trade, been designated "the ship of,the future for sea and river traffic." More of this sea-lighterage business-is perhaps carried on at Hamburg than at any other port in Europe, and since 1899 this par- ticular branch 'of trade is treated separately in the shipping statistics of Hamburg, the resulting figures showing that the ocean lighter, whether it is to be the ship of the future or not, is being, brought into 'abundant use _at present. During 1900 the number of lighters which entered the 'port of Hamburg was 1,135, measuring altogether 294,787 register tons , (or, 260 tons on the average), and manned by 3,860 persons (or three to four men on the average), while for 1899 the figures were 1,136 lighters, 286,586 tons, and 3,735 men, Lighters of larger tonnage, therefore, were brought into use last year. In the adjacent harbor of Altona, five lighters arrived, with a total measurement of 1,893 tons. The greater part ofthis lighter-traffic is carried on with German ports around the coast. Not a single lighter arrived from any port outside of Europe, notwithstanding that in America where large lighters have long been in-use on the great lakes and along the coast--an oversea lighter-traffic is not regarded as an' impossibility. From non-German ports fifty-four lighters, measuring 15,775 tons, arrived . at Hamburg, of which number forty (9,154 tons) went from Denmark, six (2,304 tons) from Holland, five (3,190 tons) from England, and. three (1,127 tons) from Sweden. . As regards the traffic with other German ports, a large proportion of it is connected with the port of Bremen, from which place 787 lighters, measuring 206,627 tons, arrived at Hamburg. -From Hanover 150 lighters arrived, from Oldenburg seventy-three, from Schleswig-Holstein (the lower Elbe) forty-three, from the Baltic fourteen, from East Prussia one, from Pomerania, four, from, Mecklenburg' five, and from Cuxhaven four. "The share which Hamburg ship. owners will take in the increasing maritime trade,of Emden will probably lead to:an sea-going lighterage business.--Fairplay, London, 'active goods traffic between those. ports and give a fresh. impetus to the A British admiralty chart, Midland section of. Georgian. bay, will -be Size of sheet