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40 THE MarRINE REVIEW plates and the valves are the "Kinghorn" type consisting of thin brass discs. The areas through the valve seats are to allow the lower covers to be removed, which permits the removal of the steam piston and the rod from the lower end of the steam tylinder, a noteworthy feature where the head room is limited. The steam piston rod_ stuffing boxes are fitted with metal- He: packing... The steam pistons are secured to their rods by a taper fit, bronze 'nut and split: pin and have removable followers, spring and bull rings; these parts being removable without dis- turbing the piston rod nuts. The followers are secured by wrought iron studs provided with composition nuts and brass split pins. The spring rings (of which there:are two in each piston) have scarfed: joints and are turned off to size after being cut and sprung together. The steam cylinders and chests .jare heavily lagged with non- conducting material encased in Russia iron jackets. The vacuum.end is made of four iron parts--a suction chamber, a discharge cham- ber and two pump barrels, the latter lined with composi- tion. Both suction chamber and discharge chamber are substantial castings, heavily ribbed and so constructed as to permit of free and easy flow of water at every point, and. special attention has been given to the entire elimination of air pockets. The foot and head valves are on removable composition valve co - : VERTICAL TWIN BEAM AIR PUMP, STEAMER MANHATTAN. OPERATING PLATFORM, ENGINE ROOM, STEAMER MANHATTAN. unusually large and special provision has been made to prevent any of the parts from unscrewing or becoming loose. The pump pistons are of composition and contain bucket valves and are fitted with "Tucks" packing. The vacuum piston rods are of Tobin bronze, and are attached to the piston by taper fit and nut and split pin. The vacuum cylinder stuf- fing boxes are of ample depth and fitted with soft packing and both the cylin- der head and the gland provided with removable bronze thimbles. Ample hand holes are provided in the work- ing barrels and chambers for inspec- tion or repair of the valves. The steam cylinders rest on a sub- stantial plate supported by two heavy, rigid cast H frames, the horizontal bars of which support the bearings for the rocker shaft and, at the same time, thoroughly stiffen the pump longitudinally. The rocker shaft is of steel and works in large adjust- able bearings. The -beams are of steel and amply strong to drive both pump pistons when one steam cylin- der is disconnected. The links are of the standard marine type, consisting of steel rods and solid bronze ends work- ing on steel pins of large bearing areas. The cross head is a steel cast- ing, the piston rod being secured in it by taper fit and taper key (which are held by set screws). This allows a quick and easy disconnection of either side of the pump from its steam cylinder. To prevent the side