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ception being at the side stringers one clip is left until the intercostals are in place which are put in as soon as y Sy "'TAE Marine. REVIEW gotten between the beams. The col- lision bulkhead is also riveted with all the parts and erected in place com- capone pe ~ K Jonge) ig FIG, the frame is hoisted. The belt frames are also riveted up on the ground from the keel to the main deck, only one of the clips at the stringers and the lap which comes on the tank top angle are left unriveted until.the belt frames are erected. The seam connecting the belt frame at side to the bottom is left until the work has been examined and proven fair on the top sides. The arch plate the top of the belt frame is also riveted on the ground including: the deck plate between the hatches and all connections on same the frame rivets and one of the clips for the continu- ous channels are all that are left to be riveted in place. At the ends the frames with all the. component parts are riveted on the ground and when erected the frame is 157. 27 spar deck follows up after the frames are erected and riveted up before any of the stringers are put on which leaves no odd work whatever to do when the decks are completed. The girders and intercostals in the bottom follow up as soon as the frames are erected and this work is all cleaned up including the shell plating before the tank top plating 1s put on. This work follows up so closely that the tank top is on and riveted within 12 ft. of the girders and shell plating and as the ballast piping is shipped along with the girder plates there is no de- lay for the tank top on tnat account and all the work is thoroughly cleaned up in the tanks before being covered in and very little cleaning out of the tank is necessary with this arrange- ment. On the sides of the vessel all the work is also cleaned up before the shell or tank at side is put on thus FIG, 150. FIG, placed in place complete. The side stringers and breast hooks are riveted together in a way so that they can be 158. plete so that very little is left to rivet when the peaks have the material in place. All the skeleton work on the cleaning up all the inside work before covering same up. The shell hand riveting costs in Scotland including bdlting up for % diameter $1.74, 34 diameter, $1.98, w diameter $2.22 and one-inch diameter rivets $2.70 per hundred. The inside work runs about three per. cent less for the straight away work, On the great lakes $2.50 is paid for 5%. diameter, $3.00 for three-fourths, $4.00 for seven-eighths and $5.00 for inch rivets without any bolting up. The inside work runs the same for flush work by hand. All machine work is 30 per cent less than hand work not including bolting up. -- aa CALKING. Calking on the great lakes is all done by pneumatic tools and is fin- ished for one-third the price of hand work,