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LAKE SHIPYARD METHODS OF STEEL SHIP CONSTRUC- TION. : BY ROBERT CURR. The construction in Scotland is some- what different than the great lakes in the greater part of the vessel. _ Fig. 156 shows the center girder and keel plate erected in place and riveted. The riveting is done by hydraulic ma- chines, which is considered better for . TAE Marine ReEvIEw 66 is flush on the. 'under side the entire length of. the vessel, which is considered a great convenience in docking the ves- sel. The keel is built up. of three. thick- nesses of plating 55-in. wide with a com- bined thickness of three inches. | The center keelson is five feet deep, over one inch thick and fastened to the keel plate and tank top with heavy an- gles. oe The keel plating is reduced at the for- TABLE I. Table showing diameter and length of es butt straps and overlapped joint breadths for various weights of plates. ; ' : Weight in lbs. per su. ft... (12.5 The tee 1775 20 22.5 Diameter of © Rivets ..3.-. -.° Y Yeo Length of riv- ' . ets counter- 37.5 = 40 25 225, 30 90.5 35, ee Sink points. 134. 1% isk 1h 1416 1 3516 23-16 em Bk 2 HK Length of riv- oak ene D : : (tees - OG 156 134 2 2 3-16 dpeadth of III Straps cue { 144% 14% Ei ostraps..i... 8 8 934, 93%4 9% IIII butt laps.. III butt laps. - 7% 71% 7% II butt laps... 4% 4% 5 5 5 III edge laps.. 4 I edge laps.: 334 334 44, AY, 4 I edge laps... 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 24 ae tm eK 8 3 8 1634 ny : 634 16% TAS) 5 19° A 19 114% -114%- 11% 211y - i ' 12 to te ee a ee 9 tO 9 8 ote 10.10% 6 6 6 6p ey cee Te 8% | 8%. 8% 54, 5% Ae 6 3-6 closing up the material than the air. The riveters will close the material up by placing the dies of the machine on the material which acts similar to a clamp seeing the machine spans the cen- ter keelson, as shown on Fig. 156. 'The same power is used as if a rivet - were to be driven, then the. bolts at : TABLE 2, MINIMUM NUMBER OF RIVETS IN EDGES OF PLATING AMIDSHIPS INCLUDING RIVETS IN FRAMES. Spacing Number of Rivets in Each Row. MOL Diameters.,, Frames, ¥% % wR 1 18 4% a be Fore "End 24 > 7 6 36 j es) 8 either side of the machine are tightened up, which' takes up any loose material. This, of course, suits the system, because the riveters are responsible for bolting and closing. up the material, while on the great lakes the work is all bolted up and ready for*the--riveters to proceed with their work. The closing up: with the machine is not necessary on the great lakes: : : ' The vessel shown in this article is very much heavier than the one built on the great lakes and referred to in these arti- cles: But will serve the purpose of de- scribing the method practiced in Scot- land seeing it is of a late issue. This vessel is 672 ft. 6. in. by 72 ft. by 52 ft., and in the construction of same 12,000 tons of: steel is used, with 1,800,- 000 rivets to fasten same. The great lakes vessel, 552 ft. by 56 by 31 'H, has 3,600 tons of steel in construction and 550,000 rivets. The time from when the keel was laid until launched im Scotland was one week less than a year, and on the great lakes seven and one-half weeks. The keel of the vessel shown in Fic ward and after ends. The keel plating and center keelson is erected" with a movable crane, as shown on Fig. 156. Fig. 157 shows the bottom framing | with margin plates on from the fore end of the engine room to the after end of the vessel. Although this is the most economical way in building the vessel so that. the engine work can be gone on with, yet it is necessary to build a vessel this way where there are no overhead cranes so that the road will be clear for the cranes as shown on. Fig. 157. In erecting the floors which are com- pleted and. lying along the. ground at the. ship's berth the movable cranes are used for that purpose, as shown by Fig. 157 on each side of the keel. ; Lhe frames, it will be seen by Fig. 157, 'are-in \ two. pieces _ on each side of the center keelson in way of the engine, as the water bottom'is carried up higher on the ship's side, the tank margin in _ way of same becoming a girder. Fig. 158 shows the forward part more fully completed, with some of the tank top plating on, also the. margin angle and clips for top side frame brackets. In the process of getting the bottom franiing in place a ribband is run just immediately under. the margin plate shown by Fig. 157 and shored up to the height so that when the frames are erected they rest upon. the ribband and are sup- posed to be in place. At the ends where the floors are shorter the ribband is put on after the floors are in place and not until the ribbands are fastened to the frames and line of the bottom checked is the bottom work proceeded with. All the: work. with the exception. of the keel and center keelson are marked from the ship and erected as soon as the bottom is faired . up. Fig. 158 shows oe result 'of all these pieces being put together. Fig. 159 shows the work further completed and a tunnel built on the tank top. These conduits are as a rule laid out in the shop prior to erecting same on vessel. The conduit work is put upon the tank