The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

swing slowly up to port to bring the Spanker across the bow as in the pre- vious experiment. Capt. 'Oliver, standing in such a position that he could not tell how the Antrim was heading, listened with the port micro- phone connected; the sound was loud at first, gradually becoming fainter; when he lost it the direction of the ship's head was noted by another observer and the starboard micro- phone immediately switched on, and as soon as the sound was audible again the direction of the ship's head was again noted. The result was that the sound was lost with the port microphone when the Spanker was half a point on the port bow and picked up with the starboard microphone when she bore half a point on the starboard bow, the mean of the two being the exact bearing of the Spanker. In the experiments at 14 and 16 miles the signals were heard quite plainly but only when the engines were stopped. After the experiment at 16 miles distance the Spanker was closed to a distance of five miles and - signaling by a code-was tried. The ship was stopped and by means of a tape recording device operated by the listener the following message was sent and received correctly: "The king went to Bath last night in a motor car which did not break down, and from there proceeded to Hythe." The report states that it is probable that this sort of signaling is feasible at a distance of ten miles, since the bell was heard almost as loud and clear at that distance in the other experiments. By the possession of wireless teleg- raphy and siren signals, the condi- tions of fog are more.or less catered to, but what these submarine bell signals appear at first sight, peculiar- ly adapted for, is: (a) Signals between ships when a fog prevails, and di- rection of the ship signaling is a matter of great impor- tance. (b) As the range of sig- naling between submarine ves- sels and their parent ships is limited to visual range, which ~ by day is only a mile or two in the finest weather, and at night may be described as al-. most nil, because of the un- available skill required to read flashing; then some sound which, being the musical chime of a bell, is unmistakable for any other, and which is receptive by any individual who has no . signal skill, must essentially be of great importance to a TAE Marine REVIEW service--peculiar to submarine boats--where an _ alternative hardly exists. The results obtained in these tests demonstrate the extreme utility of the submarine bell as an adjunct to coastal navigation in thick weather. The fog signals at present in use in light ships in Great Britain cannot be depended on to be heard in all 'conditions, even at one or two miles' distance, and a vessel failing to make the fog signal out, may be on a safe course and in her estimated position, yet she must stop or anchor or alter course out, because she is uncertain. The submarine . bell increases the range at which the fog~signal can be heard by a vessel until it approxi- mates to the range of a light vessel's light in clear weather, and, moreover, its bearing can be determined with quite sufficient accuracy for safe navi- gation in fog from distance far beyond the range of aerial fog signals, if the vessel is equipped with receivers. -- Even should a vessel not .be. so equipped, the submarine bell can be heard from below the water line for distances which are well outside the range of aerial fog signals, although its direction cannot then be so well determined. To double or treble the distance at which fog signals can be heard is a great advantage to shipping, and the facility of determining the direction - of a sound signal is in itself a very valuable discovery. The installation of submarine bells in British light vessels must come sooner or later, as it 45 'proyed- {to a: great- extent by its adoption by other nations that those who wait longest will incur the greatest loss in the meantime, both in ships and lives, and through delays to shipping which would otherwise be avoided. INTERESTING EXPERIMENTS IN SUBMARINE SIGNALING. An interesting experiment in sub- marine' signaling has just been com- pleted in the waters of Boston harbor near Boston light. In a little cottage at Point Allerton is an electric gen- erator operated by a 2%4-H. P. oil engine. From the cottage a subma- rine cable has been laid to the shore and thence 2% miles out into the harbor. At the end of the cable is an 'iron tripod, standing on the bottom 'of the ocean 70 ft. below the surface of the water; and on the tripod is a bell weighing 220 lbs., the clapper of which is actuated by powerful mag- nets. On March 30 last the current was turned on and the bell began to strike, at the rate of about 22 15 blows a minute. Since that date the bell has been in operation almost con- tinuously. On May 23, when the to- tal number of strokes reached 1,032,930 the endurance test was completed. The actual number of hours consumed was 78914. During that period neither the cable nor the bell required over- hauling or any attention whatever. Captain Snow, of the Boston light- ship, reported that he heared the ring- ing of the Point Allerton bell in his cabin, the sound traveling through the five miles of water and coming into the ship. Tests made with res- ular submarine receiving apparatus showed that the bell sound was as 'clear, distinct and musical at six miles as at three; and that the electric bell is equal to the pneumatic bell for sub- marine signaling purposes. Eleven of these electric bells are now being manufactured. Two bells are installed at each station, every portion of the apparatus being in duplicate, as is the rule in govern- ment work. The Canadian govern- ment has put in one station at Hali- fax and is equipping others at: St John, Louisberg and Yarmouth. The distance from the shore varies from two to ten miles. By arrangement with the lighthouse board, the first electric station in the United States © will be located at Detour, at the mouth of St. Mary's river, through which steam vessels enter Lake Su- perior. The fog whistle at this point is more than usually uncertain and misleading. Later six other "turn- ing points" on Lakes Superior, Huron and Michigan will be equipped. The eleventh bell goes to the Fall river steamer Priscilla, where it will be placed in the fore-peak of the ves- sel, under 5 ft. of water, and will be used to signal to the other boats of that fleet which are equipped with re- ceiving apparatus. ee The electric bell now in use was_ designed by Edward C. Wood, of Somerville, the master mechanic of the Submarine Signal Co., of Boston. There has recently been inaugurated a steamship service between Seattle and North China ports, Messrs. Frank Waterhouse & Co. and Andrew Weir & Co. having begun jointly the operation of the new line, using six steamships car- rying from 5,500 tons to 12,000 tons, of the latest types of ocean freighters. A regular service between Puget Sound ports, British Columbia and Hakodate, Vladivostock, Dalny, Chefoo, Taku Bar and Newchwang, is operated, calling at Chemulpo, Chinampo and other Korean ports, when inducements warrant the dispatching of the vessels there.