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would multiply rather than diminish, as on a dark night coming down or: going up the river without having any other guidance except the buoys, and especially when there is a fog arising off the water or a haze just high enough to obscure the buoys. Often the fog will arise so as to obscure the buoys in day time and yet one can see the center ranges and without these for a guidance it would make it difficult and unsafe navigation, as these can be seen above the haze or fog, and in this way one is always sure of being in the channel. It is all right for an up-bound boat to stop and let go her anchor, but for the down-bound boat it is not so easily done, as it has the current with it and would be liable to swing across the channel, especially where it is only 300 to 400 ft. wide, and get one end or the other on the bank. In looking over the list of coHisions that occurred during the season 1907, I find that there are about three that occurred' where there were any center ranges. There was one at Fort Gratiot and two in the Detroit river. The most serious collisions we had occurred where there were no center ranges or lights to guide them at all. Take, for illustration, the collision of the steamers Reis and Monroe Smith in the St. Clair river. This, one of the most serious collisions of the season 1907, happened when there were no center ranges, and I fully be- lieve that had there been center ranges at this point there would have been no accident, as this is one of the points in the St. Clair river where a set of range lights would be of great service. There were a number of collisions be- tween Fort Gratiot and Bar Point, but these can not all be attributed to the center ranges. I] think there were only three occurred where these were estab- lished. Some of the navigators always keep the center of the channel--the other fel- low will know how far he can keep to the one side of the channel by the aid of the lights when he is unable to see the buoys, and in this way avoid acci- dents. But, we are not all center channel pilots, there are only a few of these men we meet in the rivers. However, I think after a short trial without center ranges, the vessel owners would be glad to have them re-estab- lished. VESSEL MASTER. Cleveland, Jan. 27. A. Drewell & Co., Kobe, Japan, sold and delivered to Japan last' year the steamers Ilseworth, Blackheath, Falk, Colmore, Poschan, Skuld, Athenian and 'Tartar. "TAE MARINE. REVIEW SHIPMASTERS' ASSOCIATION ELECTIONS. Following are the results of the elec- tions of the various lodges of 'the Ship- masters' Association: Lodge No! 1) Butialo. Nie eres dent, Martin S. Peterson; first vice presi- dent, Peter Thompson; second vice presi- dent, W. H. Stevenson; treasurer, John B. Hall; secretary, Charles McMillan; chaplain, J. H. Coleman; marshal, Dan Caughlan; -warden, Harry Warwick: sentinel, P. O'Neil, Lodge No. 2, Port Huron, Mich.: President, Edward Hendricks; first vice president, H. Maitland; second vice pres- ident, A. J. Cotton; financial secretary, J. H. Sinclair; treasurer, D. M. Sinclair ; chaplain, James Cassin; marshal, J. W. Kelley; warden, F. W. Manual; sentinel, John Little; delegate to grand lodge, E. Hendricks; alternate, P. F. Powry. Lodge No. 3, Chicago, Ill.: President, Wm. Disher; vice president, J. K. Olson; second vice president, Samuel Anderson; treasurer, Wm. W. Shaw; secretary, F. B. Higgie; chaplain, E. G. Kohnert; mar- shal, Jo We. Usbisters= warden, 4 J. Eie- gins; sentinel, John HcAvoy. Lodge No. 4, Cleveland, O.: Presi- dent, Howard Byrns; first vice president, Robert Thompson; second vice president, James Burr; treasurer, Fred Leckie; sec- retary, J. A. Holmes; delegate to grand lodge, Howard Byrns; alternate, H. Kel- ley. Lodge No. 6, Milwaukee, Wis.: Pres- ident, Capt. James McGinn; vice presi- dent, Capt. C. E. Moody; second vice president, Capt. D. C. Sullivan; treas- urer, Capt. F. C. Maxon; secretary, Capt. John McSweeney. Lodge No., 7, Detroit, Mich.: Presi- dent, A. J. Mahon; first vice president, I'. J. Simpson; second vice president, B. S. Baker; treasurer, A. J. McKay; secre- tary, loo P-vAnderholt, Lodge No. 8, Marine City, Mich.: President, Hector Brown; first vice pres- ident, Wm. Maxwell; second vice presi- dent, Wm. Shackett; secretary, James E. Cottrell; treasurer, James Taylor; chap- lain, A. T. Broadbridge; sentinel, John Atwell; warden, John Hollingshead; mar- shal, S. B. McCann; delegate to grand lodge, Hector Brown; alternate, Wm. Hogan. Lodge No, 9; Toledo, ©.: President, James B. Lyons; first vice president, A. Stalker; second vice president, Robert Bailey; secretary and treasurer, E. G. Ashley; chaplain, John Cunningham; marshal, Byron Warner; warden, D. F. Doville, sentinel, Norma Walker; dele- gate to grand lodge, Capt. James. B. Ly- ons; alternate, Andrew Stalker. 27 QUESTIONS FOR MASTERS AND MATES.--NO. 57. ' 748. A ship from latitude 43° 15' N makes a difference of latitude of 138 nautical miles south, what is the lati- tude arrived at? 749. A vessel sails from latitude 42° 42" N to latitude 44° 30' N, how~ many nautical miles north has she gone? 750. How many statute miles has she sailed north? 751. Describe a pelorus and its use? 752. What is an azimuth circle? 753. What is the principle of the de- gree divisions of an azimuth circle? 754. What is the principle of reckon- ing the azimuth on the circumference -of a pelorus? 755. What does zero on the azimuth circle stand for in this latitude? -- 756. What point does 45 degrees to the right of zero on the azimuth circle stand for? 757. What is the difference in longi- tude between a place in longitude 165° W and another place in longitude 157° E? 758. What is the difference in time be- tween two? 759. How do you measure the miles on a Mercator chart? QUESTIONS FOR WHEELSMEN AND WATCHMEN. 367. How many points in 18° 15'? 368: "Add together 5° 37° 307-and Lie oe 369. How much is this in points of. the compass? : 370. How do you find the value of one point of the compass? 371. How many degrees in 54 of a point? 372. How do you know that there are 11° 15' in one point? 373. How many seconds of arc in l'? 374. What makes seconds of arc? 375. How many points in 35°? 376. How much is % point in de- grees? -- a 377. How much is 4° equal to on the compass? 378. Divide 180° by 8. . ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS FOR WHEELSMEN AND WATCHMEN. 345. 141.45 statute miles. 346. ~36,960 ft. 347. 72,960 it. 348. The angle the course makes with a true meridian, or the course measured -from the true chart compass. 349. A true course corrected for vari- ation or the course measured from the magnetic meridian. 350. The variation. 351. A correct magnetic course. 352. The deviation.