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26 MARINE REVIEW. [April 3. SOUND SIGNALS. In a paper on sound signals, read recently before the British Society of Arts, E. Price Edwards gave some account of the experiments carried on last year by a special committee of Trinity house at the fog signal station on St. Catherine's point in the isle of Wight. The instrumental trials were largely devoted to comparisons of efficiency between the siren principle and the real principle of producing sounds. The trial of a new form of 7-in. disk siren with a very low note gave some interesting re- sults. On one occasion, in fine, clear weather with a light easterly wind, it was audible at a distance of over 20 miles, while the sounds of the higher-pitched cylinder sirens were lost at half the distance. But on another day, when the force of the wind was high and the sea was rough, the low-pitched note was at a disadvantage and was lost at 1% miles. The reed horn as now developed must be regarded as inferior to the siren as distance of about a mile from the siren or horn until they were very faint. ot perhaps inaudible, and then recovering their strength when the 3-mile line had been passed. Fairplay of London says: "An interesting demonstration of the Clayton fire preventing and extinguishing system was given at Liverpool recently on board the German ship Wilhelmine, bound for the west coast of America with North Wales coal. This vessel had been fitted with a Clayton machine, and after the coal had been loaded, the holds were charged with sulphur dioxide gas of a sufficient percentage to prevent any possibility of fire from spontaneous combustion or otherwise. A number of prominent ship owners and others interested in the Mersey coal ex- port trade were present. It is stated that the hull risk on this vessel on the round voyage has been placed at premiums less than those which have hitherto been charged on these voyages (with coal out)." a sound producer, yet the committee thought it must be admitted that it had its advantages in situations where a sound signal of small range would be serviceable, or where there was no space sufficient for the machinery necessary for sirens. The lecturer went on to discuss the effect of certain atmospheric influences, such as wind and fog, on the propagation of sound and mentioned the curious "silent areas' which were noticed on several occasions during the experiments, the sounds beginning to die away at a CRANE FITTINGS IN BRASS OR IRON OUR FACILITIES FOR MAKING FITTINGS ARE UNEQUALED BY ANY OTHER FIRM OR CORPORA- TION, AND WE CLAIM NOT ONLY TO MAKE THE LARGEST NUMBER AND VARIETY, BUT ALSO TO CARRY THE LARGEST STOCK. ALL CRANE FITTINGS ARE MARKED WITH A '*C'? AND ARE THREADED TO A UNIFORM GAUGE. WRITE FOR POCKET CATALOGUE Early in May a direct line of steamers will begin running between Montreal and Rotterdam. It will consist of four vessels, the Rodney, Tiger, Langsford and Ceylon. The steamers are first-class and will be run by the Canadian Forwarding & Exporting Co. DULUTH NEW YORK ST. PAUL ELBOW PHILADELPHIA | ST. LOUIS CINCINNATI MINNEAPOLIS KANSAS CITY CHICAGO LOS ANGELES SIOUX CITY SAN FRANCISCO OMAHA ESTABLISHED 1855 PORTLAND, ORE The Cardinal Point Sot "BENEDICT - NICKEL" are: Non-Corrosiveness Extreme Toughness Perfect Homogeneousness High Tensile and Torsional Strength These qualities make "'Benedict-Nickel" peculiarly adapted for condenser tubes, and for every other purpose where highly non-corro- sive tubing is required. These are the best tubes for condensers ever devised. "They positively resist electrolysis. They have steadily gained in favor with leading engineers and high naval authorities because they do exactly what we claim for them. Their manufacture has long since passed the experimental stage. Their superiority over copper and brass tubes has been demonstrated by actual use. i The basis of the high non-corrosiveness of "Benedict-Nickel"' is its inert nature due to the combining of nickel with copper. The metal contains no zinc nor any other weakening metal. It is perfectly homogeneous. The tubes are hot-rolled from solid cylindri i ylindrical billets, not cast on a core, and given of a gun barrel. Hence their great tensile and torsional strength. a re We publish a "Treatise on Electrolysis of Condenser Tubes,' which gives the full scientific reasons for the superiority of *Benedict-Nickel."' Send forcit. We sell Tobin Bronze at manufacturers' prices. BENEDICT & BURNHAM MFG. GCO., Mills and Main Office, Waterbury, Conn. New York, 253 Broadway. Boston, 172 High Street.