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Ne QO MARINE REVIEW Devoted to the Merchant Marine, the Navy, Ship Building, and Kindred Interests. _ Published every Thursday at No. 39-41 Wade building, Cleveland, Ohio, by THE MARINE REviEW PUBLISHING Co. SusscripTIoN--$3.00 per year in advance; foreign, including postage, $4.50, or 19 shillings. Single copies 10 cents each. Convenient binders sent, post paid, $1.00. Advertising rates on application. Entered at Cleveland Post Office as Second-class Mail Matter. sone New Offices of the Marine Review. More office space has been needed by this company for some time past, but on account of the crowded condition of the Perry: Payne building, Cleveland, where we have been located for twelve years, it could not be secured in that building. The offices were therefore moved on April 1 to the Wade building, just across Superior street from the Perry-Payne, where enlarged quarters have been fittingly arranged. The Marine Review Pub. Co. Mr. Andrew Carnegie's new, book, "The Empire of Business,"' is being well advertised throughout the country, and while the book is not yet from the press advance sheets have been liberally distributed. Anything that Mr. Carnegie says is interesting. True, he pronounces a lot of plati- tudes, but so delightfully as to make entertaining reading. We find noth- ing new in the book. It is a collection of essays and addresses which have been written and delivered by Mr. Carnegie during the past fifteen years. The fact that he incorporates in the collection speeches delivered as long ago as 1885 shows that his views have undergone no change. Mr. Carnegie's views are very interesting; they are not especially profound. They are helpful because they are optimistic, but one must not read what Mr. Carnegie says with the hope that he can go and do likewise, because it is an almost certain shot that he cannot. There is no formule for the production either of millionaires or centenarians. One man becomes a centenarian, so he tells a breathless world, because he has never used tobacco, while another centenarian ascribes his longevity to the fact that he has never failed to use the weed every day. It's alla matter of the per- sonal equation. We are sorry that Mr. Carnegie has not definitely added a twentieth-century chapter to the book. Perhaps he has, but the advance shéets give no indication of it. Much has happened during the past year or two in which Mr. Carnegie has been, as it were, the storm center, and a new crop of reflections and observations from him would prove interesting. The first chapter, '"The Road to Business Success," is from an address to students in a Pittsburgh commercial college, delivered in 1885. It sounds a note that is continually repeated throughout the book--that there is plenty of opportunity for advancement of the right sort of young men in the business conditions of today. He says: "Assuming you are safe in regard to these your gravest dangers, the question now is how to rise from the subordinate position we have im- agined you in, through the successive grades to the position for which you are, in my opinion, and I trust, in your own, evidently intended. I can give you the secret. It lies mainly in this: Instead of the question, 'What must I do for my employer?' substitute 'What can I do? Faithful and conscientious discharge of the duties assigned you is all very well, but the verdict in such cases generally is that you perform your present duties so well that you had better continue performing them. Now, young gentle- men, this will not do. It will not do for the coming partners. There must be something beyond this. We make clerks, bookkeepers, treas- urers, bank tellers of this class, and there they remain to the end of the chapter. The rising man must do something exceptional, and beyond the range of his special department. He must attract attention. As a _ shipping clerk, he may do so by discovering in an invoice an error with which he has nothing to do, and which has escaped the attention of the proper party. Ifa weighing clerk, he may save the firm by doubting the adjustment of the scales and having them corrected, even if this be the province of the master mechanic. If a messenger boy even, he can lay the. seed of promotion by going beyond the letter of his instructions in order to secure the desired reply. There is no service so low and simple, neither any so high, in which the young man of ability and willing disposition cannot readily and almost daily prove himself capable of greater trust and usefulness, and, what is equally important, show his invincible deter- mination to rise. Some day, in your own department, you will be directed to do or say something which you know will prove disadvantageous to the interest of the firm. Here is your chance. Stand up like a man and say so. Say it boldly, and give your reasons, and thus prove to your employer that, while his thoughts have been engaged upon other matters, you have been studying during hours when perhaps he thought you asleep how to advance his interests. You may be right or you may be wrong, but in either case you have gained the first condition of success. You have attracted attention. One false axiom you will often hear, which I wish to guard you against: 'Obey orders if you break owners.' Don't you do it. This is no rule for you to follow. Always break orders to save own- ers. There never was a great character who did not sometimes smash the routine regulations and make new ones for himself.. The rule is only suitable for, such as have no aspirations, and you have not forgotten that.. Yay Rigidestined. to be owners and to make orders and break orders... You,. re heron be a partner unless you know the: business of yoursdeparfment. ar better than thecewners possibly can. Boss your-boss just as soon as you can; try iton early. There is nothing he will like so well if he is the MARINE REVIEW. [April af: right kind of boss; if he is not, he is not the man for you to remain witha. leave him whenever you can, even at a present 'sacrifice, and find one-. capable of discerning genius. Our young partners in Carnegie Bros, have - won their spurs by showing that we did not know half as well what was'. wanted as they did. Some of them have acted upon occasion with me as if they owned the firm and I was but some airy New Yorker presuming to advise upon what I knew very little about. Well, they 'are not inter- ~ fered with much now. They were the true bosses--the very men we Were ° looking for." In the "A, B, C of Money" Mr. Carnegie becomes delightfully enter- taining. His advocacy of the gold basis is perfectly sound and his style charmingly colloquial. The author imagines himself frequently inter- rupted by more or less pertinent questions which he proceeds to answer, In discussing ""The Common Interests of Capital and Labor" he is at his best. Here his temperamental optimism bursts into full bloom. His facts are interesting and the conclusions he draws from them are those which - the thoughtful wage-earner can ponder with most profit. The masses do< not originate thoughts; rather they imbibe impressions and it is here that Mr. Carnegie's book is distinctly useful. On the subject of books, he says:. . ne "The severe study of scientific books must not be permitted to ex- clude the equally important duty of reading the masters in literature; and by all means oi fiction. The feeling which _ prevails in some quarters" against fiction is, in my opinion, only a prejudice. I know that some, . indeed most, of the most eminent men find in a good work of fiction one of the best means of enjoyment and of rest. When exhausted in mind and body, and especially in mind, nothing is so beneficial to them as to read'a - good novel. It is no disparagement of free libraries that most of the works read are works of fiction. On the contrary, it is doubtful if any . other form of literature would so well serve the important end of lifting hard working men out of the prosaic and routine duties of life. The works of Scott, Thackeray, Eliot, Dickens, Hawthorne and others of the same -class are not to be rated below any other form of literature for working-| men." Mr. Carnegie's views as to collegiate education are well known. That they have not changed is evidenced by the fact that the chapter bearing | upon them was written in 1890. He says: "T asked a city banker to give me a few names of presidents and vice- . presidents and cashiers of our great New York city banks who had begun as boys or clerks. He sent mé thirty-six names and wrote he would send me more next day. The absence of the college graduate in this list should be deeply weighed. I have inquired and searched everywhere in all-quar-. ters, but find small trace of him as the leader in affairs, although not sel- dom occupying positions of trust in financial institutions. -Nor is this surprising. The prize takers have too many years the:start of the gradu-. ate; they have entered the race invariably in their teens, in the most valu-- able of all the years for learning--from fourteen to twenty; while the col- lege student has been learning a little about the barbarous and petty squab-. bles of a far 'distant past, or trying to master languages which are dead, such knowledge as seems adapted for life upon another planet than this as far as business affairs are concerned, the future captain of industry is hotly engaged in the school of experience, obtaining the very knowledge required for his future triumphs. I do not speak of the effect of college education upon young men training for the learned professions, for which ~ it is, up to a certain point, almost indispensable in our day for the average youth, but the almost total absence of the graduate from high position in™ the business world seems to justify the conclusion that college education « as it exists seems almost fatal to success in that domain." Mr. Carnegie, however, is careful to quatify this sweeping statement. « We are glad that he does so. If the acquisition of money. is the meaning . of life a collegiate education is, of course, unnecessary. It merely. -in- : creases a person's wants, that is his capacity of appreciation, without- increasing his earning power. However, we take it that he who has so enriched his mind as to drink in the multifold béauties of nature and art. lives in a world into which the mere millionaire cannot. enter. Some of the greatest failures living are our millionaires. Mr, .Carnegie says: "Lest anything here said may be construed as tending to decry or disparage university education, let me clearly state that those addressed are the fortunate poor young men who have to earn:a living; for such as can afford to obtain a university degree and have means sufficient to in- sure a livelihood the writer is the last man to advise its rejection--com- pared with which all the pecuniary gains of the multi-millionaire are dross--but for poor youth the earning of a competence is a duty, and duty - done is worth more even than university education, precious as that 1s. Liberal education gives a man who really absorbs it higher tastes and aims than the acquisition of wealth, and:a world to: enjoy, into which the mere millionaire cannot enter; to find therefore that it is not the best- training for business is to prove its claim to a higher domain." He still further qualifies it in an address entitled "Business," which was delivered at Cornell university in 1896, "Unless the young university man employs his time to the very. best. advantage in acquiring knowledge upon the pursuit which he is to make the chief business of his life, he will enter business at a disadvantage with younger men who enter in their teens, although lacking in university edu- cation. This goes without saying. Now, the question is: - Will the gradu- ate who has dwelt in the region of theory overtake the man who has been for a year or two in advance of him, engaged in the hard and stern edu- cative field of practice? That it is possible for the graduate to do so also goes without saying, and that he should in after life. possess views broader than the ordinary business man, deprived of university education, is also . certain, and, of course, the race in life is to those whose record is best at the end; the beginning is forgotten and is of no moment. But if the graduate is eyer to overtake the first starter in the race, it must be by pos- . sessing strofiger staying powers; "his superior knowledge leading to sounder judgment ditst be €épendedupon to win the -race tothe finish. The exceptional graduate should excel: the exceptional -non-graduate. He, has more education, and education will always tell, the other qualities