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1902.] MARINE REVIEW. PROPOSED SHIPPING EXPOSITION IN HAMPTON ROADS. Dispatches from Newport News say that it is proposed to hold a great exhibition, after the one in St. Louis in 1904, at Hampton Roads, Virginia, in 1907, under the auspices of the State of Virginia, by an or- ganization incorporated by leading citizens of Newport News and Nor- folk. A few miles up the James river from Newport News is the site of Jamestown, settled first in 1607, and as Jamestown will be 300 years old in 1907, Newport News and Norfolk propose to take advantage of the fact and hold an exhibition, to be known as the Jamestown tercentennial. If the ideas of the projectors are carried out, the Jamestown tercentennial will be unlike other world's shows. "Shipping" is the word one hears most often in the two cities, and so it is natural that they should plan an exhibition in which vessels will be much in evidence. It is proposed to have anchored in Hampton Roads ships of every description, from cara- vels, like those in which Capt. John Smith came over, to the most modern Atlantic liner, and most powerful man-of-war, as examples of the progress of ship building during the 300 years since Jamestown was founded. The governments of the world are to be invited to participate to the extent of sending one or more of their newest warships, and the transatlantic com- panies will be asked to send, from time to time, the latest fashions in ocean steamers. On the Norfolk side of the James river, opposite Newport southern end, the Huntington purchase being in the form of a square or parallelogram. The tracks of the Chesapeake & Ohio run parallel with the river, about a mile to the east, and its terminals fill up the southern end of Newport News. West of the railroad and immediately on the river a full mile north of the railway terminals, is the plant of the Newport News Ship Building & Dry Dock Co. The city may be said to be bounded on the north by the ship yard, on the east and south by the Chesapeake & Ohio road, and on the west by the Old Dominion Land Co., the corpora- tion holding the unsold lands along the river bank from yard to terminals. Although there are many vacant lots in Newport News, the city has spread to the east of the railroad tracks, and several thousand persons live there. Three long bridges over the score or more tracks of the railroad unite the two parts of the city. The ship yard company employs about 5,000 men, and its pay-roll amounts to $50,000 weekly. The railway, steamship, and coal companies together pay in wages about $40,000 weekly, making a total of $4,500,000 annually. The results of this distri- bution of money in Newport News are a population of 24,000, a handsome court house and jail, three viaducts over the railroad tracks, valued at $200,000; the two principal streets paved with asphalt, five large brick school buildings, a sewer system costing $250,000, three electric street railway companies, two electric light companies, and one gas light com- (Photograph by J. D. Givens, San Francisco, Cal.) UNITED STATES TRANSPORT MEADE. In the San Francisco-Manila Service. News and Hampton, it is proposed to erect buildings for exhibits of articles for ships and for those who go on the water for either pleasure or profit. Extending from the shore will be an immense structure like a coliseum or stadium, except that there will be water instead of earth at the foot of the tiers of seats. The spectators will not look at foot races, baseball, or football games, wrestling matches, and Roman chariot races, but will be shown boat races, swimming contests, naval sham fights and aquatic sports generally. As Hampton Roads is a few hours distant from Washington by both rail and water, the Jamestown tercentennial will afford the government an unusual opportunity to exhibit the navy to a large number of citizens. At other fairs the most that has been done was to show a model of a man-of-war in an artificial lake. At Hampton Roads, where real battles were fought, there is plenty of room for display. From this it will be seen that the Jamestown tercentennial is to be a water show. Such a show has great possibilities. A Jamestown tercen- tennial, however, with Jamestown left out, would not do, so a permanent memorial building is to be erected at Jamestown, and in it are to be shown relics of the past, of the old Virginia before all the wars, 1861, 1812, 1776. A trolley line, now constructing, will connect Jamestown, Williamsburg and Yorktown with Newport News, while boats on the James river and steam cars on the Chesapeake & Ohio Ry. will connect all with Rich- mond, the successor of both Jamestown and Williamsburg as the capital city of Virginia. Newport News, which has done so much to bring about this exhi- bition, has not one year of age to every ten of Jamestown's. Thirty years ago, when the late Collis P. Huntington bought about 25,000 acres for a few dollars apiece, the peninsula where Newport News now stands was a waste. The James river flows south in front of the city and east across its pany, eighteen churches, several worth $50,000 each, and five banks, be- sides a large and substantial theater, and many imposing store and office buildings. All this in seventeen years! The ship yard had under construction last spring men-of-war and merchantmen to cost $23,038,000. A new dry dock, said to be the largest on the American continent, will accommodate three ordinary steamships at one time, being 827 ft. long. There is another dry dock, 610 ft. long. Among several lifting cranes is one having a capacity of 150 tons. _ FRENCH EXPERT'S OPINION OF SUBMARINES. M. Lockroy, the French minister of marine, has just published his views on submarines in the Paris Matin. It seems to him that these craft will be terrible instruments of attack and defense; but he considers that there is still room for progress as regards habitability and range of action. Reviewing the type of vessels which are purely and simply submarines, and are propelled exclusively by electricity, with a limited range of action, M. Lockroy expresses the opinion that this class must be used solely for coast defense work, while it would be impracticable to tow them. For carrying on operations at a distance, the writer thinks it would be pre- ferable to rely on submersible boats, which have the drawback that they cannot be submerged very quickly. He considers, nevertheless, that the time occupied by this operation--8 minutes--is sufficiently short, and, moreover, it will soon be reduced to 5 minutes. 'M. Lockroy finally comes to the conclusion that it will only be possible to fight against sub- marines when the steering of balloons has been discovered, the black form ge Me vessel being very easily distinguished in the water from a certain eight.