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22 MARINE REVIEW AND MARINE RECORD. [Aag: 4. ' within the bunkers. The devel- opment of the towing industry as a factor in commercial de. velopment is too a large a sub- ject to be discussed here but it is sufficient to say that. it is an out-growth of recent years; that ton-mile cost is reduced astonishingly, and that it is another source of confusion 'to the sorely perplexed schooner owner. Space. does not permit of a comparison between British and American coastwise ser- vice, although it would be of great interest in this connec- s tion. ...,Sufhice it to. say- that John Englis and Horatio Hall, 1898. Maine S.S.Co. 3,168 Tons. the characteristic British coaster is a boat of 1,000 tons or less, which carries any- Savannah is a great steam port, and the figures show a large thing, from coal to railroad iron, at.a speed for about eight increase in the share of lumber carried by steamers. During knots, and "tramps" it from Greencck to Birkenhead, and 1901, 178,000,000 ft. of lumber were shipped,from the port. Of from the Thames to the Tyne. Many if not most of the boats, this total, 167,000,000 ft. went coastwise. 'The sharing of the coastwise portion between steam and sail cannot be ob- tained from the port statistics, but out of the 178,000,000 total, 98,000,000 went by sail and 80,- 000,000 by steam. . It is the small ports all along the coast from Cape Hatteras south, however, which swell the schooner lumber tonnage. The coal traffic is handled by a different, means yet, exclu- sive of that which comes by rail, Although the schooners depend much on coal charters, a great amount of the traffic is handled in barges, towed in > strings of four or five from the railroad terminus at Nor. folk or elsewhere to their des- tination, and brought back light. This is a kind of trans portation which, in its scope, Tianna Hata, 1900. N. Y. and Baltimore Trans. Co. 1,103 Tons. seems to be peculiarly American. The British coaster is «are designed with their engines aft, to permit of a single long a collier, par excellence, but the American coaster goes through cargo hold, for railroad iron, etc., instead of two short ones, and twenty years of service without transporting a ton of coal, except with cellular framing so that no particular harm will be done if it is found conven- ient to lie over low tide on a mud bank, in a tidal harbor. Of the new boats in the American coastwise service, the City of Memphis, the North Star' and the Comus are interest- ing as types, showing three different ten- dencies of the pres- ent day. The City of Memphis is the nearest analogy to the big, slow trans: atlantic boats. iAt the time she was ordered, there was a split in the company, one faction standing for a freighter, pure and simple, and the other for a fast passenger boat. The result was a compromise, in the Memphis, a freighter of large car- rying capacity with accommodations on-a : Comus, 1899. Cromwell Line." 4,828 Tons.