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40 YALE SUBMARINE LAMP. dockyard in the navies of the chief world powers, and many corpora- tions carry a detail of divers more or less expert in the old fashioned methods. These men will be as reg- ularly instruct- ed in the man- ner of using the new equip- THE MarRINE. REVIEW The solution of the diff- culty involves largely sub- marine operations. Whatever mearis is taken to close a hole by shell or torpedo below the water line, repair a sea cock or propeller requires sooner or later a diver. Diving meth- ods having seldom been re- sorted _-- to, have remained practically the same as they were forty years ago. That is, when the diver gets a task to perform he gets inside his water-tight suit with air tubes attached, is sealed up in it and goes' over board. When he gets down to whe-e the defective part is sup- posed to be, he' gropes around in the dark till he finds it, and then with the aid of a hammer, crowbar, chisel, or other crude hand tools, and usually by. the sense of feeling. alone, he Starts to work, § One. can imagine that only the simplest makeshift repairs of doubtful permanence may be made unde: such conditions. Therefore, in order to ren- der the services of a diver of real value in making durable repairs, it was found hecessary to considerably change the methods of operation and equipment. The question of light, the first step was solved by the use of the powerful Yale submarine electric lamp, by its inventor, Francis G. Hall, the problem of increas-. ing the workman's efficiency was attained. by Mr:. Hall, by means of new submarine pneumatic tools, through the collaboration of the Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co. The complete equipment is designed to be placed aboard a ship in its own chest ready for use. Every vessel and DIVER AT WORK WITH YALE LAMP. Aion, and in view of this ment as are the gunners, torpedoists, or caisson men. Schools especially equipped with diving tanks have been already established, and the men trained have already done some remarkably difficult work in submarine patching, plate and machine work, Letters patents to protect the apparatus have been taken out here and abroad, of which the Electric Marine Mfg. Co. are the sole owners, and the Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co. will act as the selling agents of the Yale submarine electric lamps and appliances. By means of this invention it will be possible to make permanent repairs, outside as well as inside, the hull to a. vessel even under fire. Further, it is predicted that a fleet 'in cruising trim may be kept fairly clean and in good repair during an extended cruise and without recourse to the dry dock. What this means can best be appreciated by Admiral Rojestvensky, who was obliged to make frequent costly de- lays on his long cru'se to the far east, only to arrive with a squadron of battleships encrusted with marine growth and uncertain as to the seaworthiness of the hulls. NEW GAS-DRIVEN BARGE. An enterprise that must considerably help the industrial development of the country, as well as agriculture, is now being carried out by Messrs. Thornycroft & Co, in connection with the firm of canal-carriers, Messrs. Fel- lows, Clayton, & Morton. It is to dispatch the barge Duchess (71 ft. long by 7 ft. beam) on a 1,000-mile voyage through the canals in order to demonstrate the su:tability and economy of suction gas machinery for propelling canal craft in place of steam and horsepower. There is reason to think that whichever government. is returned to power, as a result of the election which is now proceeding, the subject of canal development in this country will receive a good deal of atten- Messrs. Thornycroft's demon- stration will be watched very closely by engineers, who are specially interested in the subject. The barge was formerly equipped with an ordinary steam engine and boiler, and it is interesting to know that the installation of the suction gas plant has enabled the engine room to be shortened by 3 ft. The engine stands 4 ft. high, and develops 30 H. P. at 300 revolutions. It is of the Capitaine-Thornycroft type, having two cylinders, 8% in. bore by 11 in. stroke low-tension mag- neto ignition being employed. In order to start the engine a small auxiliary petrol engine is employed, as it is necessary to get the main engine running at about 100 revolutions before it will start firing. The producer is cylindrical in shape, and stands about 5 ft. high, by 3 ft. in diameter. At the bottom is a grate on which anthracite coal is burned. A jet of steam is directed into a chamber beneath the grate, and a mixture of steam and air is drawn, by the suction of the engine, through the mass of incandescent coal. The chemical action thus set up results in the production of water gas (CsH,), carbon monoxide (CO), and free hydrogen (Hz). This mixture, known as producer gas, is first cooled and cleaned by jets of water, in a chamber called the "scrubber," and then passed into a "dryer," which consists practically of a pneuma- tic centrifugal pump, after which it is mixed with about one . and a half times its volume of air, and is ready for use in the engine. The engine is connected to a Gaines' reversible pro- peller, which drives the boat loaded with ten and a half tons of cargo, and towing a butty carrying twenty-three tons, at about three or four miles per hour, a speed which favorably compares with ordinary steam propulsion. The Paris agent of the Lozier Motor Co. has just received a special diploma from the king of Portugal, accompanied by a letter from the high secretary of the king, expressing that ruler's appreciation of the Lozier launch and engine which he has been using for several months past.