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2 pipe within a pipe type each consist'ng of one coil of 3-in. and 2-in. ammonia pipe, 6 pipe high and 18 ft. long. Each cooler contains in all 108 lineal ft. of 2-in. pipe = 67 sq. ft. of cooling surface. Tae Marine REVIEW used is the shell cooler, consisting of a strong wrought iron or cast iron shell with a number of spiral coils placed -in- side the shell. The ends of the coils pass through the top and bottom heads PLAN WITH COVER REMOVED COVER ae a se SSS SSS ye Be lanes ton | ey : Bay. a ele : dl id | | oI) | | | BIG) | | be THIS TANK CONTAINS KM K nec 4SOFT OF 1h EATRA Sig é | Se ee ai | 2 |k A | 3 my BB ay igs Sgr | | a ate Paes | LS u OQ : : No | na es | i ie | | iF pipes a = SECTIONAL ELEVATION CONDENSER TANK The refrigerating capacity of each cool- er is eight tons. : The 2-in. pipe is placed within the 3-in. pipe, the ammonia expanding in the annular space between the two pipes and the brine circulating through the inner 2-in. pipe. This type of brine cooler is very effective, takes up comparatively lit- tle room, is easily repaired, and always accessible for inspection, Another type of brine cooler. much FOR STEAMER COLON, of the shell, and are connected to head- ers. The ammonia is expanded into the lower part of the shell, and the com- pressor takes the ammonia gas from the top of the shell; the brine enters the spiral coils at the top and passes out at the bottom. This type of cooler has some points of advantage over the dou- ble-pipe type. The ammonia gas in the shell completely envelopes the brine coils and remains a long time in contact with the same, and as the shell area is very large, compared with the small annular ammonia space in the double-p'pe cooler, the gas meets with much less frictional] resistance. The shell cooler also takes up less floor space than the double-pipe cooler, but it requires more head room, is less accessible for repairs and inspection, and the first cost is more than the double- pipe type. The brine system equ pped with the system of the above-mentioned brine "coolers, while practically having all the advantages of the direct expansion sys- tem, has none of the disadvantages of the latter system. It will produce re- frigerating results almost as quickly as the direct expansion; it is more safe, as all the ammonia parts are confined in one place, and no ammonia is circulated in the cold storage rooms. It is more simple to operate and to control, and a more even temperature can be maintained in the rooms. In case of stoppage of the compressor, there is always a supply of cold brine on hand in the brine cooling tank or brine return tank to run the plant for some time. This is not possible with a direct expansion plant and the refrigera- tion ceases immediately when the ma- chine stops. The brine return tanks on the Advance and Finance have a sufficient storage ca- pacity to maintain a temperature in the rooms, with a very little loss, for about. four or five hours, should the machine have to be stopped for any reason. The condensers on these ships are also of the double-pipe type of precisely the same construction as the cooler before de- scribed. Each condenser consists of one coil of 2-in. and 1%-in. pipe, 6 pipe high, * 19 ft long. The total number of lineal feet of 1!4-in. pipe in the con- denser is 114 ft--50 sq. ft. of cooling surface. Condensers are each of 74-ton refrigerating capacity. The ammonia gas passes through the annular space between the 2-in. and 1%- in. pipe, and the circulating sea water is passed through the 14-in. inner p'pe in the opposite direction to the ammonia, thus producing a counter-current effect which cools the ammonia gas in the most effectual manner, keeps' it in inti- mate contact with the cooling surface, and discharges the cooling water within a few degrees of the temperature of the gas. This type of condenser will, there- fore, use less water and requires con- siderable less cooling surface than any other type of condenser. The only objection to this type of con- denser is that sea water in time fouls the pipes, and we find it somewhat trou- blesome to clean these pipes, but I un- derstand that in later types of double-