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AOL. 37. MODERN Machinery designed to unload iron ore is attracting the attention of all who are interested in the manufacture of iron and steel at the present time because of its bearing upon the cost of both of these products. The cost of unloading from lake boats has been one of the important items which en- *Consulting Mechanical Engineer, Citizens building, Cleveland. CLEVELAND, ORE HANDLING MAY 21, 1908. By WALTER G. STEPHAN.' tered into the price of iron ore de- livered at the furnace. ' How great the percentage of re- duction in the cost of unloading ore has been since the introduction of im- proved machinery is a matter of a very few words. About 20 years ago, it cost anywhere from 30 to 50 cents per ton to unload iron ore by the primitive method of shovels, wheel- NEW YORK _No. 21 MACHINERY.---I. barrows and tubs which were hoisted out of the hold of tthe vessel. by means of a cable and horse. . The introduction of the first Brown unloading bridges, the pioneers in this field, reduced this cost to about 18 cents per ton while some modern plants installed within the last five years 'have brought this figure below 5 cents per. ton, Fic. 1--Huett ELEctTRIc OrE UNLO ADERS, NATIONAL TUBE Co., Lora, O. = i t ' Inasmuch as it re-