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the cadet with a searching scrutiny. "No, sir,' was the quick answer, "it's none of mine." The cadets kept dropping in one by one, until the last had arrived. He also showed his locker, but said he didn't use tobacco. "Don't suppose you ever saw that "ere package before, neither,' said Customs with withering sarcasm, "never "noo there was such a thing in the plice, did yer?' The cadet said that Customs had guessed aright. The searcher took the 'box under his arm and departed in search of his superior. In a few minutes he returned with his chief and the box, and the cadets wete given another opportunity to deny the ownership of the box, which they emphatically did. With a triumphant smile the searcher turned to his chief. They decided to 'TAE Marine Review & find the owner of the box by inves- tigating its contents. The string be- ing cut and the outside wrapper re- moved showed a wooden box with the lid nailed on.' The customs men were so engrossed in their investiga- tions that they failed to notice the cadets sneaking out of the room and lining up outside the door. The lid of the box was removed and a brown paper parcel came to light. Every- body drew a deep breath. Then the paper was' tori. Ol, and Customs stood with an old overshoe in his hand. "Rubber!" yelled the cadets from the door. "Wot's that?' demanded the an- gered customs men. "Rubber!" howled the cadets, as they slammed one another on the back and writhed in exaggerated 39 paroxysms of delight. The baffled officers threw the wrap- pings and overshoe into the farthest corner of the room and went aft to report the incident to the officers of the ship. They got little satisfac- tion from that direction, however, as said officers seemed to think the mat- ter very funny. "Wot I wants to know," said the searcher, "is, w'y did the young fools 'oller 'Rubber? "' "Why," said a grinning officer, "don't you see? An _ overshoe is made of rubber." "Well," said the still mystified searcher, "did they think we didn't know it?" And when the cadets were told about it they said, "Aw, what's the use?" ; THe "STAND-BY" MAN, The Heating of Modern Ocean Liners The subject of this paper can hardly be said to come under the heading of naval architecture in the _ strictest. sense, and on this account I feel I owe the institution an apology for bringing it before them. On the other hand, when we consider that the mod- ern ocean liner has developed into a vast floating hotel,. carrying many thousand souls, the importance, from a sanitary standpoint, of effectually ventilating every part of the vessel, and maintaining the passenger accom- modation at an equitable temperature can hardly be overrated. For vessels of even moderate size, some form of mechanical ventilation has proved to be a necessity, as only by that means is it possible to insure a rapid change of air throughout the passenger and crew accommodation in all kinds of weather. On the modern ocean liner, the higher priced state- rooms and suites are occupied much more during the day than was the case when a stateroom was only a 6-ft. x 7-ft. box, with two or four berths in it, as the case might be. Passengers are becoming more difficult to please, and competition is becoming keener, so that a shipping company which wishes to retain its patrons must equip its vessels with all the luxuries of a modern hotel. As maintaining the in- dividual rooms at an equitable temper- ature is not the least important of these, I propose to restrict the scope of this paper more especially to this problem. _ .*Read at the spring meeting of the Institu- tion of Naval Architects. BY W. CARLILE WALLACE, ESQ., MEMBER. Among the first ocean steamship companies to give the question of ven- tilating and heating the attention it deserves, the American Line is well to the front, as. the St. Loms. and: St. Paul, built in 1895, were equipped with a very complete system, consisting of a number of pressure fans, placed on the boat deck, forcing air by means of suitable ducts into the principal staterooms, public rooms, and alley- ways, the air being warmed by pass- ing over steam-heated coils, suitably arranged close to the fan discharge. Suction fans are also provided and con- nected to another set of ducts, for drawing away the vitiated air from the different rooms. This system has worked fairly satisfactorily as far as the ventilation. is concerned, but. it has been found impossible to regu- late the heat in the staterooms with any degree of certainty. Leading a double set.. of ..ducts throughout the vessel is expensive in first cost, and, as space is naturally re- stricted, the ducts require to be kept small; this necessitates an increased velocity of air in the ducts so as to get sufficiently rapid change of air in the rooms, as the power to drive the fans increases as the square of the velocity, and it becomes apparent that this, together with the increased skin friction consequent on the higher speed of the air, very greatly increases the cost of the operation. A very similar system of ventilation is fitted in the newer vessels of the Red Star Line, the warm air being discharged, in these vessels, into the public rooms and alleyways on the different decks, exhaust fans for the removal of the vitiated air being fitted, having ducts leading from the state- rooms, these latter being dependent for heat on the warm air from the alleyways being drawn in through Ve- netian panels in the doors to supply the place of the vitiated air drawn out by the exhaust fans. In cold weather, it is found that this system is inade- quate to warm the outside rooms, even when the temperature in the alleyways and other parts of the ship is high and the inside rooms much too warm. In summer, with the outside temperature uncomfortably high, this system is worse than useless as a means of cool- ing. the vessel, as observation has shown that the air discharged into the alleyways, etc. by the pressure fans is, for several easily explained reasons, from 5 to 10 degrees Fahr. above the temperature of the outside air, and, as the exhaust fans alone are not of suf- ficient capacity to ventilate the vessel, there is no alternative in warm but stormy weather between having the vessel uncomfortably hot through forc- ing in fresh heated air, or stuffy and ill ventilated, through depending en- tirely on the exhaust system. To get over these difficulties num- bers of other schemes have been tried, as, for instance, making the ventilation and heating systems more or less in- dependent of each other, the heat: in these cases being supplied by indi- vidual steam or electric heaters ,placed | in each stateroom and more or less undér the control of the passengers