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42 throw the blame for any extremes of temperature on to this mechanism, _ Any one who has had sea experience will appreciate the foregoing observa- TAe Marine REVIEW it was found that, if the heater were on for a period' of 'two minutes and off three minutes, the temperature re- mained constant at 6914 degrees, the Fig. 2 «" s VOYAGE N° 152 WEST. SS) St PAUL DEC. 7 8 9 ig. u eles 13 _14 DEC 1907 50° Can OF: NO 6b ON. DON - b> MNO ND Oo oN 6O TEMPERATURE 30 800 700 600 "500 400 300 200 100 AVERAGE WATTS PER HOUR tion of the mental apathy of passengers of all classes; for, if a passenger is to be made comfortable, it must be ac- complished without effort on his part, and I believe that by far the greater number of complaints regarding heat- ing and ventilation are really due to the passenger's neglect or inability to help himself by the means of regula- tion provided, in any properly installed eysrem. As a means of determining the actual amount of current necessary to main- tain a given temperature in the rooms of the Oceanic, a test was made on Jan. 28, 1908, while the vessel was ly- ing in dock in Southampton, upon a representative room on the shelter Gece. Vie room ts 9 ft. x 9 ft. x 8 ft. 3 in. with two square ports and one exposed side; the ventilator and heater being as already described. The heat- er was tested and found to consume 1,045 watts. The external temperatures were 4414 degrees at the beginning and 42 degrees at the end of the test. The room, which had been closed for three' days, was found to be at a tem- 'perature of 57% degrees, and, by de- duction, the effect of the internal heat "() was estimated to be 10 degrees (that is, the room would have been at the standard temperature of 70 degrees 'if the external temperature had been 60 degrees). The heater was run full 'power till the temperature reached 6914 degrees, when, after several tests, TEMP. AIRIFR ERM e TAN mP,;OF ROOM TERNAL TEMP Y CONSUMPT10 \ KL ----t Jie CONSUMPTION NI radiation expressed in terms of elec- trical energy was therefore determined to be 418 watts per hour, when the external temperature was 42 degrees, at which the room is to be maintained, E is the external fever and I the internal heat. It was also found that 520 watt hours -were required to raise the tem- perature of the room from 64 degrees, : the night temperature, to 69 degrees, the day temperature, in addition to the amount radiated. It will be noted that I have plotted on the chart of the Oceanic a curve of theoretical consumption of energy based on the foregoing formula, with an assumed temperature for room of 69 degrees during the day, and-64 de- grees at night; and, in view of the -- large difference 'between the theoret- ical and observed consumption of en- ergy, it may be well to consider in what way the conditions at sea may modify the observations of heat dissi- pation taken in port. ' The ventilation of the room, depend- ing as it does on the force and direc- tion of the wind, is, no doubt, greater at sea than in port; but, assuming that the extra amount of air entering the room was 10 cu. ft. per minute, the consumption factor would be increased by 4 (R--E), or, approximately, from 24 to 28, or about 16 per cent. On the other hand, the internal heat (I) would be naturally larger with the boilers in full operation. On the steamship St. Paul I has the values of 8 and 12 in port and at sea re- and the internal heat, as already stated, spectively. This correction, if applied Pig y VOYAGE WEST.S S OCEANIC" JANI 2 3 4 s e 7 8 JAN. 1908 ele ON Bs IN Oo N Sot ON "BO ON ON D8 o. EN J m 50" a ites é 40° | _ EXTERNAL e ; ~ TEMP 037 Ww | AVERAGE a aes | ae N.35/8 f ee 20 | a a, a oe rl soo ae eet DAY CONSUMPTION ~ T feo aie aa Nuicht -- | 00 D.872 700 aes 2 | AVERAGE th pad | © 600 a OEE aes ° foes a S00 ean ' ZY iat | hs CALCULATED | u NG Zz PJ an DAY CO NSUMBTION | S Ee | Sd 40h vad average (e-Shs fe N a Sia Sen eee ee -- F 7 A a as ++} - 2 CALCULATED o 200 one ule NIGHT C NSUMPTION : a7 tay pe --+-- oe WO pe ar = Bose eee pepe a) Oe sR Oe Or es Gee le " re Pe Meets ee 10 degrees, and for this special room may be expressed by the equation W 24 (R--E--I), where W equals watts per hour, R equals temperature to the Oceanic, would increase I from 10 to 15, and decrease W by 120, or about 28 per cent. The adjoining rooms and hallways would also be at a higher