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PI PE OE BT ee ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS. FOR MASTERS AND-MATES--NO. 4. 55. The direction of any object from the ship, Used in reporting alight or other object by the lookout to the watch officer. . 56. To the right. bf No o2 OK. 58. The deviation for ship's head correct magnetic. 59. To the right. 60. Correct magnetic bearing to the right of the compass bearing, dev. is Ely.; if to the left, the dev. is Wly. 61. 5 degrees. 62. A vertical circle which inter- sects the horizon in the magnetic poles. . The magnetic N and §° line or the natural direction pointed out by the compass needle when unaffect- ed by dev. or local attraction. Deter- mine it by applying var. at that point to. the true meridian. 63. Three points for'd of:the star- board beam. 64. N by W. Dev. on S will be Wly. 1 point. Would have to steer S by W. 6). , Gonyert. to trie bearing. Bly: to the right. Why. to the left. 66; LatAS" 4) 27" Neo one, 34° 21 22. WW: 67. 19.6 miles. 68. 207 X .87 = 180 nautical miles. 69. The compass bearing must be converted into a true bearing. Bear- ings and courses on the charts are true. Compass is usually affected by var. and dev. © QUESTIONS FOR WHEELSMEN AND WATCHMEN. 531. How does the land look at Pt. Betsie and south of Pt. Betsie? 532. Where is North Manitou Is- land lighthouse situated? ; 533. What is the most prominent landmark in Manitou passage? 534. What do the high sand bluffs on the east shore of Lake Michigan' from Big Pt. Sable north ° appear like when they are first seen on the horizon? 535. Name the principal land marks between Pt. Betsie and Grand Tra- verse Pt. lighthouse?, | 536. How does Sleeping Bear Hill bear and what distance from Sleep- ing Bear Pt.? 537. Why is it called the Sleeping Bear? 538. About how high are the sand bluffs at Frankfort? 539. Where is Platte river reef? 540. Where is the life saving sta- tion and storm signal station at Sleeping Bear Pt.? route would -right alongside the wharves already "TAE. MARINE. REVIEW ANSWERS. 521,,.1s..about ./ tales | in length north and south and about 4% miles wide east and west at the north end and about 2 miles at the south end. It is generally hilly and wooded. 522. About 1/.miles NNE, 523. High sand banks and wooded. 524. . Hilly; sand. blafis and forests. 525. About 4 miles northeasterly. -- 526. NE % E 44 miles. 527.. About 1% miles. 528. Will be parallel with course. 529. Gull Island reefs and Richards reef. . 530. Not. less than 2 autles, GEORGIAN BAY SHIP CANAL. survey of the from Georgian The report of the projected ship canal Bay to Montreal, via the French tiver, Lake Nipissing, and the Mat- tawa and Ottawa rivers, was laid on 'the table by the Canadian house of commons at .Ottawa, July 4. The surveys have been in progress since 1904, under the: direction of A. St. Laurent, of the department of pub- lic works, and have cost about $600,- 000. The report gives'a detailed de- sctiption of the route of the proposed canal, the principal features of which have already been described in these columns. The question of the ter- minal at Montreal is also discussed and alternative routes have been sur- veyed. Cne route St. Louis and Ste. Anne de Belleville, and the second by the Riviere des Prairies, or Back river to the north iof Montreal Island. This latter route would develop an entirely new dis- trict of Montreal, while the other land the 'canal. traffic used by the trans-Atlantic steamers. The Back river route would, accord- ing to the estimate of the engineers, cost about $6,000,000, exclusive of land damages, less than the route through the -Lake St. Louis.. The estimated cost of $94,000,000 by the Back river route into Montreal, and of $100,000,000 by the Lake St. Lou's route, both exclusive of land dam- _ages, provides for the construction of a 22-ft. navigable channel with locks 600 &..long and 55: ff wide. It is estimated that the canal will be open for traffic 200 days in the year. The report says: "A close compn- tation of the speed allowable in the different stretches with quarters of an hour allowed for delay in the passage of each lock gives about 70 hours as the time of transit from Georgian Bay to Montreal. " With the advantage of shorter dis- is through Lake. about three- 25 tance .between, terminal harbors, it is computed that the route will be from one to three-fifths to two days faster than any other existing water route under present conditions from the head of the great lakes to an ocean port, apart from also having an enor- mous stperiority as to carrying ca- pacity. As compared with the possi- ble improved system of St. Lawrence canals to a depth of 22 ft. assuming that the number of locks would be greatly reduced. probably no _ practi- cal benefit in the time of transit could be claimed, the saving in distance be- ing offset by the longer stretches of lake and wide river navigation which exist through the Lake Erie and Lake Ontario route, where higher speeds would be permissible channels, A careful analysis of 'tthe work to. be performed shows that it would: take from three to five years to develop all -contracts and place the whole route under active construction. Some of these sections where heavy sub- marine excavation is encountered would require at least five years to complete, under the best conditions of labor and equipment. It may be fairly stated, therefore, that a period of 10 years from inception would be necessary to open the waterway to navigation. This would mean an av- erage expenditure of about $10,000,000 pet year... The report also deals with 'the water powers which' will be devel- oped, or rendered accessible for de- velopment, by the construction of. the canal. The development of these waterways will induce the establish- ment of industrial plants along the route of the canal and so provide a local traffic in addition to the through grain carrying business. The government policy with regard to the project has not been definitely announced, but it is understood that the Montreal and Georgian Bay Ca- nal Co.'s charter rights will be pur- chased, and that the canal will 'be constructed under the charge of a government commission, in the same way as the eastern division of the Transcontinental railway (Grand Trunk Pacific railway), from Monc- ton, 'N. °B.,. to: "Winnipeg, Man., is being constructed. At the navy department, Washington, it is stated that work upon the new bat- tleship Florida, to be constructed at the Brooklyn navy yard, will be begun during the latter part of July. The Engineers' Club of Philadelphia has moved to its new quarters at 1317 Spruce street, Philadelphia, Pa.