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able requirements for a port of for- eign shipping is through a study of the imports and exports of some ex- isting port, and their relation to the growth of the manufactures of the vicinity. It has been found that the increase of foreign tonnage follows very closely the growth of the value of manufactures in the United States and. applies to many of the coast cities. The probable future value of manufactures can, therefore, be taken in arriving at the probable needs for foreign shipping facilities at any date in the future. Newark stands high among the cities of the United States in her per capita value of manufactured prod- ucts, and compares favorably in its this respect with New York .:City, - and=.New.,. York. may -be taken as a 'basis for comparison. Ap- plying a value which obtains in New York City of $550 per capita for the value of the manufactured products to an estimated population of the city of Newark of 1,500,000 in 1950, we will then have a value for man- ufactured products of $780,000,000. The cost of crude material used in manufacturing in New York City is about 53 per cent: of the total value of manufactured products, and assum- ing this ratio and applying it to the conditions of Newark in the year 1950, would give a value of $414,000,- 000 for crude materials used in its factories. At the present time, for the United States as a whole, the value of crude materials imported is only about 10 growth in per cent of the total value of crude materials employed in manufacturing. Few ports are extensive manufactur- ing cities, and for the city of Newark, which now stands high in 'the per, capita value of its manufactures and certainly high in its proportion of crude materials needed, the amount of the latter that would be directly imported is likely to exceed the above 10 per cent, and, therefore, this per- centage was used in arriving at the probable extent and value of crude materials imported. This gives a value of imported crude materials on the total estimated value of manufac- tured products of $41,400,000, and from the statistics of other ports it may be stated that crude materials form slightly more than one-half of the total importation. Therefore, it is considered safe to assume that the total value of imports for the City of Newark in 1950 will be $80,000,000. The percentage value of the exports of manufactured articles to the total value in the United States is only States the. tatio.of the "TAE Marine REVIEW about 7 per cent. This would give for Newark in 1950 7 per cent of the estimated total value of manufactures, which is $780,000,000 as stated above, or an equivalent of $54,600,000 for the value of exports of its own manu- factured articles. In the whole United manufactured and partly manufactured exports to the total exports is approximately 58 per cent; therefore, if we consider the $54,600,000 arrived at above as repre- senting 58 per cent of the entire ex- ports we would have as a value for the total exports from Newark in 1950 the sum of $94,000,000, and add- ing to this the estimated value ar- rived at above of $80,000,000 for im- . ports of crude material we would have a total value of exports and imports for the Port of Newark for the year 1950 of $174,000,000. Now the value of imports and ex- ports per gross vessel ton, varies widely in different ports according to the proportion of passenger 'vessels entering the port, which carry com- paratively little freight, and accord- ing to the proportion which high class freight bears to the whole value carried. A study of these values has led to the adoption inthis esti- mate of a value of $6Q per ton of exports, which. is only slightly less than that for the United States as a 'whole, and is exactly that of the Port of New York, and the adoption of a value of $40 per ton of imports, which is practically that of the United States a a whole, but somewhat less than that of New York. These values per ton will give prob- able total tonnages for Newark in 1950 of 2,000,000 tons of imports and 1,570,000 of exports, or a 'total of '3,570,000 tons, while the tonnage of its own manufactures is seen to be 910,000 tons export and 1,025,000 tons of imports, or a total of 1,935,000 tons. In order to ascertain the amount of water frontage necessary to care for the prospective tonnage, an _ investi- gation was made of what may be called the density of tonnage per an- num per lineal foot of . wharfage room. A fair uniformity was found and a density of 150 was considered conservative for the proposed docks of the City of Newark. This assump- tion makes necessary a total . water frontage of piers and 'bulkheads of approximately 24,000 lin. ft. to ac- commodate the total estimated for- eign tonnage for the Port of Newark for the year 1950. In addition to this wharfage room for foreign com-_ merce there must also be provided 31 space for coastwise, canal and river traffic. It is believed that the mo- mentum started by a municipal ex- penditure of one million dollars in the reclamation of any considerable tract through the midst of the mead- ows and a development of shipping and industrial facilities will be such that private capital will immediately undertake enterprises on such a scale that they, together with what the city will continue to develop, will produce a practicable reclamation of the whole meadows and water front property within a decade, and furnish ample facilities for the traffic which has been stated above. The census figures of the manu- factures of the city as to values of buildings and real estate serve as a basis for a rough estimate of the possible requirements for industrial sites brought about by the develop- ment of the city and the reclamation of the meadows. Investigation shows that the assessed valuations of the sev- eral sections of the city most thickly filled with manufacturing plants average both in the aggregate and on numerous individual sites about $1 per square foot of land occupied. The present valuation of land occupied by manufacturing estab- lishmerits is $8,974,000 or at the above rate 8,974,000 sq. ft. It may be contended that the reclaimed land value will never reach this figure and that each factory will occupy large tracts which can be ob- tained at less cost than is now possible, thus affording greater inducements for manufacturing plants locating in this sec- tion, and the area required may, there- fore, be estimated at more than double the area which would be given by the use of the above figure of $1 per square foot. It may be assumed that twice the pro- portionate increased area will be needed. With a present population of 300,000 in the city of .Newark the manufacturing area' 1s approximately 9,000,000 sq. ft. With a population of 1,500,000 in 1950 the area required would be 45,000,000 sq. ft. and with the probable increased area of land which may be acquired for the reasons above set forth the total area occupied might amount to 90,000,000 sq. ft., this being about one-half the full area of the meadows. It is not to be con- sidered that it will be found advantage- ous for any factory to have all its prop- erty within a few hundred feet of navi- gable water, although it was ascertained that practically all inquiries at the present time being made for industrial sites carry the requirement of water frontage. The area of the territory proposed to be acquired is 12,500 ft. long by 4,000 ft. wide, or'1,150 acres in all, which will make possible a reclamation of 40,000,- 000 sq. ft. of land exclusive of water