The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

46 DEVOTED TO EVERYTHING AND EVERY INTEREST CONNECTED OR _ ASSO- CIATED WITH MARINE MATTERS ON THE FACE OF THE EARTH. Published every Thursday by. The Penton Publishing Co. CLEVELAND. CO BOSTON. 0605500 473-74 Journal Bldg. BUPEALOG Sukie ss Sivbis sree aiee'e 5 932 Ellicott Sq. COIGAGOs ais cesces es 1328 Monadnock Blk. CINCINNATI 46. ss First National Bank Bldg. NEW YORK: iisi0ee ses 1005 West Street Bldg. PITESBURGsiies ks cosines scour 510 Park Bldg. BEAT UE ages esse oslee 6 302 Pioneer' Bldg. Correspondence on Marine Engineering, Ship Building and Shipping Subjects Solicited. Subscription, U. S. and Mexico, $3.00 per annum. Canada, $4.00. Foreign, $4.50. Subscribers can have addresses changed at will. Change of advertising copy must reach this office on Thursday preceding date of publication. The Cleveland News Co. will supply the trade ' with the Marine Review through. the prenite channels of. the. American News: Cor.) Rurspeaa Agents, 'The - 'International News: Company, Breams Building, Chancery Lane, London, EBC: een Entered at "ie Post -Office at Clevetand. Ohio, 'as Second Class Matter, : January 7, 1909. SOLVING THE COALING PROB- LEM, With the increasing size and speed of steamships, and a _ corresponding decrease in the length of stay in port, the matter of coaling the bunkers has become a problem of no inconsidera- ble magnitude. In the earlier days of the steamship, when the space de- voted to coal stowage was but a com- paratively small part of the whole stowage space and a bunker usually consisted of one large compartment, the the light of a necessary evil than a In these when every possible coaling was regarded more in problem of any importance. -- days, however, square foot of space is given | up to the handling of cargo, when trans- Atlantic convenient stowing and Pais liners average over 20 knots, 2,000 souls and Hook . at..an average rate of three or four a. day, commodation for steam in? past Sandy the coaling of the ship has become of first importance. said main find ac- TAE MarRINE REVIEW The coaling problem has been par- tially solved in the past decade by various types of apparatus designed to lift the coal from the»barge or other medium alongside the vessel and deliver it through the coal port. on the vessel's side or deck. The capaci- ties of such machines vary consider- ably, but the smallest is still a de- cided improvement on the handling of coal with bucket and winch. Need- less to say, where vessels have large athwartship bunkers--commonly called by the marine engineer "main" bunk- ers--machines of this type can work at a high rate of speed for a large percentage of the entire time devoted to coaling. When the coal ceases to run and it becomes necessary to place men in the bunkers for trimming pur- . to "be slowed down to suit the distributing poses, such machines have capacity of the workers shoveling in "the bunkers. . In the majority of large and fast steamers there are few of the afore- bunkers, "the coal. being usually stowed on the decks in side bunkers, pockets, alleys and other pos- sible - (and places surrounding the boilers. impossible) These ale sometimes side bunkers and pockets, again, divided sections into three or four decks) by stringer plates extending entirely, or ofttimes separate (or nearly so, across their width, holes down purposes being It will thus be trimming of for trimming placed at intervals. that the bunkers on ships seen proper designed on this principle means the employment of a considerable number of men in the coal spaces and the close attention to their efforts by the engineers of the It will also be seen that the coaling machines aforementioned have vessel. little opportunity of working at full capacity into bunkers designed on this principle owing to the difficulty en- countered in trimming the coal. "The! éoaling of vessels by macHinery is a matter that has long been of | Apart from the impossibility of keeping a gangs and much interest to the engineer. the various the other duties pertaining to the present- close watch on employed. within bunkers day method of coaling, there is al- ways the possibility of labor troubles holding the ship in dock through lack of coal. The 'longshoremen's and coal- strike of 1907 in New York when the crews of the trans- heavers' harbor, Atlantic liners had to turn to at in- creased: wages and work night and day on the coaling of the vessels, to the neglect of the work usually as- signed to them, is one instance of what is liable to happen at any mo- ment on any of our harbor fronts. Heretofore the solving of the coal- ing problem has resulted in the pro- duction of machinery designed to de- liver the coal through the coal ports only; or, at least, this is the only coal- ing machinery which has reached the point. of. practical "operation 49, ship: use, This would lead one to the supposition that the designers of the coal delivering ap- paratus were not sufficiently schooled in the matter of coaling vessels, or did coaling of the modern liner not realize that,so far: as the is con- cerned, the real problem lies in the trimming of the bunkers. In this issue of MARINE REVIEW we describe in detail an apparatus de- distribute through the bunkers the coal received That the problem of nearing the signed, to. automatically. at the coal port. coaling ships is point We have seen the model of this. apparatus of solution we have no- doubt. in operation, and we await with in- terest, as will the whole shipping and shipbuilding world, the first practical demonstration 'of the device aboard- ship. LAKE ENGINEERS AND THE OPEN. .SHQP,.,; POLICY. The policy of the open shop adopt- ed by the Lake Carriers' last Association spring and steadfastly adhered to throughout the season is creating more ,interest at the present. momeni than' ever, prompted: primarily, by the; that upon making individual contracts with fact the vessel owners' * insist the engineers. This policy was pur- sued by the Pittsburg Steamship Co. during the past season. It entered into individual contracts with all its