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14 rooms, if any, provided for by para- graph ten. . : A vessel, whatever be the superficial space of the passenger decks and of the lowest passenger deck, shall not carry a greater number of steerage passengers on the whole than in the ~ proportion of one steerage passenger to every 5 superficial feet of air or promenade space provided on a deck so open as not to be included in the tonnage and approved by the inspector, and this space shall not be counted or included in the area available for any other passengers, or in other areas for steerage passen- gers prescribed by this section. In the measurement of the passen- ger decks and of the lowest passen- ger deck, the space occupied by that part of the personal baggage of the 'steerage passengers which the inspec- tor permits to be carried there shall be included and also on whatever deck located. It is proyided that: "(a) The Space in any place appropriated to the use of steerage passengers in which they sleep shall not be less than 18 super- ficial feet in the case of the lowest passenger deck and 15 superficial feet in the case of a passenger deck. "(b).. Hach space . so the measurement must be clearly marked to the satisfaction of the in- spector as being exclusively appro- priated for the use of the steerage passengers." Each separate compartment in which steerage passengers are berthed shall be conspicuously marked, showing the total area 'of such compartments. Section 42 and so much of section 43 and 44 of the act approved Feb. 20, 1907, entitled "An Act to regulate the immigration of aliens into the United States,' as provided for the repeal of section one of the passenger 'act of 1882 are repealed. UNCTUOUS GRAPHITE. Graphite has become such a popular and valuable lubricant that engineers, especially marine engineers, should know the appearance and properties of the very best graphite suitable for the purposes of fubrication. It is pretty well known that when used as a lubricant graphite should be of such quality as to give a smooth veneer or coating to the parts to be lubricated. One of the most essential qualities is purity, for where an impure graphite is used as a lubricant it carries into the machinery dangerous friction-cre ating materials, for the impurities of natural graphite are talc, mica, clay and sand. Nobody with good judg- included in. THE MarRINE REVIEW ment would think of adding even a small percentage of either of these ingredients to oil and feel they were increasing the lubricating qualities of the oil, and the same holds good with graphite. To be a first 'class lubricant, a graphite should be amorphous, very fine, soft and unctuous. It should not have brightness or luster, as brilliancy in graphite denotes ability 'to reflect light, and a graphite that reflects light indicates that its. particles are of some measurable size and of a compact, homogeneous nature, a condition in sharp contrast to the fine, soft, unc- tuous qualities that assure the graphite of possessing superior merit as a lu- bricant. Engineers should know that brightness or blackness in graphite is no indication of its purity or vallue. The International Acheson Graph- ite Co. of Niagara Falls is the only maker of graphite in the world. It operates the electric furnace process, and thus the company is in full con- trol of every ounce of raw. material that enters its furnaces, while it also controls the application of the fur- naces during the entire period of their operation. Because of these facts and the thorough 'scientific skill applied, this company makes what it calls Grade '1340,' Acheson-Graphite, guar- anteed to 'be at least 99 'per cent 'pure, very fine, soft and unctuous. The company's broad and well supported claim is that this is the world's purest and best graphite and the very best lubricating agent now known, as it is not too tough but has thiose beautiful spreading qualities so necessary to ideal lubrication. GOOD MEDITERRANEAN TRADE. Although the Mediterranean com- merce of the port of New York has suffered alike with that to and from other countries it is a matter of note that it has shown so little slackening of activity during the year just closed. Within 10 years this traffic has grown out of all proportion to that of any other section, .the exports from New. York to Italy alone having in- creased from $25,000,000 in 1899, to more than $60,000,000 in 1908, while the imports by way of New York have doubled during the decade, having ad- vanced from $25,000,000 to $50,000,000. Spain's trade with this country is also growing at a rapid pace as is shown by the fact that more than $21,000,000 worth of goods is now being imported from that country, while in return Spain is taking $13,500,000. Ten years ago regular services, Spain was sending us $9,000,000 worth -- and taking $4,000,000. There is also a reasonable development of our traffic with Marseilles and the French Med- iterranean, which promises to furnisha rapid increase in the future, while Aus- tria-Hungary and even Greece are show- ing decided increases both in exports and imports. The ebb and flow of the tide of emi- gration is most effectually illustrated by | the Mediterranean traffic during the year just past, during which the num- ber of immigrants arriving in this coun- try was much less than the number de- parting for their native shores, due of course to the industrial depression prey- alent. However, there is a. steady trend toward the Mediterranean route from southwestern Europe 'as against. those routes covering the North Atlan- tic, which promises much for the south- ern lines when the tide shall have turned once more. Another noteworthy feature of the Mediterranean situation is the increased popularity of this route among Amer- ican tourists, the round trip traffic of this sort being constantly on the in- crease, both during the summer tourist season and in the winter and spring as well. The spring Mediterranean cruise has been especially favored of late years and the old established lines put their best liners into this service from Janu- ary to March. The attractions of this season in Egypt have become widely known and pilgrimage cruises to the Holy Land have also met with great success, the Fabre line being now pre- paring for a third of these revivals of the medieval pilgrimages made easy by the use of the modern steamship. A graphic illustration of the great growth of the Mediterranean traffic, both in freight and passengers, is best afforded by a comparison of the num- ber of lines in 1899 with the number now required to take care of the situa- tion. In that year there were but six supplied by the An- chor, Fabre, Hamburg-American, Navi- gazione, North German Lloyd and Prince lines, while in 1908 there were 14 lines maintaining regular services to and from the Mediterranean, viz.: White Star, North German Lloyd, Ham- burg-American, Cunard, Anchor, Com- pania Transatlantica, La Veloce, Lloyd Italiano, Italia Societa di Navigazione a Vapore, Lloyd Sabaudo, and Sicilia Americana. James F. Fahnestock, Jr., has resigned as treasurer of the International Mer- . cantile Marine Co., to accept a position with the Pennsylvania Railroad Co.