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16 Balance due owners--carried to Statement No. 9o::...: 92.85 EG eae $4,684.82 CREDIT. By balance brought from statement NO) 7 seeie les. 8. $ 84.82 By freight from Baltimore to. Boston, on 5,200 tons coal OF 00s i a 4,680.00 $4,684.82 The individual items are quite in- teresting. The "gratuity to trim- mers," invariably $1, is usually for a pail of beer. It will be noted that the master's wages are only $40 a month, but he gets a primage on freight which acts as an_ incentive to a speedy and careful voyage. It will be noted that his primage was $286. making a fair subtraction for delays, are approximately $3,000. In addi- tion, as the master usually has a small interest in the boat, probably one- sixty-fourth, he obtains a fair divi- dend as well. These schooners carry about 6,000 tons of coal, as against 10,000 or 12,000 tons carried in the largest of lake freighters. The foregoing statement is based on a cargo of 5,200 tons of coal at 90 cents. This is a fair average rate for prosperous times, the rate oOcca- sionally being $1. During 1908, how- ever, freight rates sagged from 90 cents to 75 cents and eventually dropped to 35 cents. There is prac- tically no margin of profit at the latter rate, though at 90 cents the schooners make about 20 per cent on the investment, WORK OF HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE. The hydrographic office has been investigating the causes of the strandings of vessels on the great lakes during the season. of 1908, and attempting to determine how many of them were avoidable or remediable. Out of 217 cases reported the causes of 158 have been ascer- tained, and of those causes 92 or 58 per cent have been found avoidable or remediable. The remaining cases are being investigated and in a short time a complete list will be on hand. A chart (H. O. 2649) is on file at the Cleveland branch hydrographic office on which are marked the ap- proximate positions of all the strand- ings of the past year. All persons in- terested are cordially invited to call! and examine same. The hydrographic office has as one The master's annual earnings,' "THe Marine Review of the fundamental reasons for its existence the improvement of the safety of navigation. Its organic act provides "There shall be a hydro- graphic office for the improvement of the means for navigating safely the vessels of the navy and mercantile marine." No worthier purpose could be served than to assist that distinctly American merchant marine which has in our time grown to such enormous proportions on the great lakes. dt --is the purpose of the hydrographic office and its branches by a study of the causes of accidents to reduce to a minimum those avoidable or remedi- able. The branch offices have in their possession information which, if it could be imparted to every of- ficer on the lakes, would add im- mensely to the safety of navigation. The branch offices at Duluth, Chi- cago and Cleveland are thoroughly equipped to give all necessary instruc- tion, during office hours, while steps are being taken to put Buffalo on the same basis. This is particularly true in regard to compass work. Ignorance of the compass, and the numerous causes of compass error leads, if not to ground- ing with resultant loss of life and property at least to unwarranted loss of time in making passages. The re- sults of changing from a magnetic to a non-magnetic cargo and of the al- teration of trim from light to loaded, and the effect of electric hoists in loading and unloading should all be known to officers of the vessels, such information can be had for the asking by coming to the branch hy- drographic offices.: The assistance of shipmasters, shipowners, managers of transportation lines and underwriters is earnestly requested in furtherance of the hydrographic office's purpose to improve existing conditions. The hydrographic office ts laboring solely for the common benefit of all ship- ping interests and 'hopes that advan- tage will be taken of the facilities of- fered by the branch hydrographic of- fices for a thorough study of elemen- tary navigation on the great lakes. SHIP MASTERS' LODGE ELEC- TIONS. Lodge No, 1, Buffalo, N. .Y.: Pres- ident, Capt. Peter Thompson; first vice president, Capt. W. H. Stevenson; second vice president, Capt. James G. Herbert; treasurer, Capt. John B. Hall: secretary, Capt. Charles McMillan: trustee for 'three years, Capt. Johr Perew; chaplain, Capt. Jerry Coleman, marshal, Capt. Dan Coughlin; warden Capt. Harry Wanwick; sentinel, Cage P. O'Neill; delegate to grand lodge, Capt. Peter Thompson; alternate, Capt, M. S. Peterson. § ~ Lodge No. 2, Port Huron, Mich: President, Capt. H. Maitland; first vice president, Capt. F. W. Manual; secong vice president, Capt. Guy Geel; treas. urer, Capt. D. M. Sinclair; secretary, Capt. J. H. Sinclair; delegate to granq lodge, J. H. Sinclair. Lodge No. 3, Chicago, Ill: Pregj. dent, Capt. John K. Olsen; first vice president, Capt. S. Anderson; second vice president, Capt. Wm. T. Bright: treasurer, Capt. Wm. W.. Shaw; secre. tary, Capt. F. B. Higgie; delegate to grand lodge, Capt. W. D. Hamilton: alternate, Capt. James O. Wood. Lodge No. 4, Cleveland, O.: Presi. dent, Capt. Robert Thompson; first vice president, Capt. Alex. Cragie: second vice president, Capt. John Mc- Garry; secretary, Capt. J. A. Holmes: treasurer, Capt. F. L. Leckie; marshal,' Capt. 'Charles H'. Cleveland; warden, Capt. Martin Johnson; chaplain, Capt Harry T. Kelly; sentinel, Capt. A. Ea. Londe; delegate to grand lodge, Capt. Robert Thompson; alternate, Capt. F. i. Leckie. Lodge No. 6, Milwaukee, Wis.: Pres- ident, Capt. C. T. Bronson; vice presi- dent, Capt. H. M. Boyce; second vice president, Thomas Garrity; treasurer, Capt. FF. C: Maxon: secretary, 'Cape John McSweeney; trustee, Capt. M. Dailey; delegate, Capt. James McGinn; alternate, Capt. C. T. Bronson. Lodge No. 7, Detroit, Mich.: Presi- dent, Capt, F. J. Simpson; first. vice president, Capt. B. S. Baker; second vice president, Capt. Alex. Clark; treas- urer, Capt. A. J.: McKay; secretary, Capt. L. P. Anderhalt; chaplain, Capt. B. Armstrong; marshal,. Capt. W. a Hoffman; warden, Capt. C. Rattray; . sentinel, Capt. J. C. Maddock; delegate to grand lodge, Capt. W. J. Crosby; alternate, Capt. W. H. Hoffman. Lodge No. 8, Marine City, Mich: President, Capt. J. H. McDonald; first vice president, Capt. Wm. Hagan; sec- ond vice president, Capt. J. A. Ward; treasurer, Capt. James Taylor; secre- tary, Capt. James E. Cottrell; chaplain, Capt. A. T. Broadbridge; marshal. Capt. S. B. McCann; warden, Capt. H. Brown; sentinel, Capt. John Atwell. Lodge No. 9, Toledo, O.: President, Capt. A. W. Stalker; first vice presi- dent, Capt. R. N. Bailey; second vice president, Capt. N. M. Sullivan; secre- tary and treasurer, Capt. E. G. Ashley; delegate to grand lodge, Capt. James B. Lyons.