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24 'TESTS. OF MENT. The "St Louis. Sampling | & Testing, CO, has" 'made a. 'report 'to. th mee Portland Cement: & 'Material Co. aiid Bank of Commerce: building, 'St. 'Lou is, on their processes. for. producing a -watér- proof. Portland. cement, the ita clusions of which are as follows: As a: "convenient method of fidging 'of the merits of the proposed pro- 'cess for waterproofing cement we may compare it (from the results of tests made thus far) with the standard re- 'quirements already given as necessary to be fulfilled before any such process can de accepted as entirely satisfac- tory. It. is not intended of course 'that 'this will furnish final. and alto- 'gcther conclusive proof of the merits 'of the process. As already stated this is but a report giving resuits of what must be considered as a preliminary 'series of tests, leaving much still to be done on a more extended scale. 'Sufficient, however, has been ac- complished to answer tie inquiry for which this work was undertaken, and to entitle the process to r:spectful at- tention 'on the part of those interesed and skilled in the preparation and use of cement, 1: the requirement foe the water- proofing must be efficient seems to be met in a very satisfactory degree. The results of tests, as a plied, show that the immersed samples, when removed from the water and quickly dried with -a towel, gained slightly in weight, but the amount of this gain is compara- tively 'small, even after long exposure, and the rate of gain is very slow. As compared with the results obtained with plain cement products, tested un- der similar conditions, the difference is very striking, and shows that the treatment proposed is remarkably ef- ficient in giving resistance to the per- meation of water. While. as yet there has been no op- _ portunity to. apply long time, wter-. proofing tests, such-tests as have been made furnish evidence of value, and indicate that. good results may rea- sonably be expected even after very long immersion in water. The following group of tests, se- lected as representative from a large number, shows by comparison the ef- fect of immersion upon plain and waterproof cement products, in each case the test pieces having been pre- pard under similar conditions, ex- cept in the matter of waterproofing, The immersion was total with one inch depth of water above the upper surface. Weights given are in grams, WATERPROOF | CE- _water. Tae Marine REVIEW _... ...... Neat Whole Briquettes. Duration of Immersion. the plain cement briqueties showed a gain of 11 and 11.5 grams in weight after 5 minutes immersion, while those of the waterproof cement gained only 1 and 1.5 grams in the same time; that vat permeated the plain cement briquettes' te the extent. of 145 and 15.5 grams (over 11.5 per cent) while it reached 'only: 1.5. and..2.5. grams (less than 1.5 per cent). in the water- proof briquettes. The, half priquettes 'show practically the same results. . The following are selected as rep- presentative - of a' proofing 1 to 2, 1 to 3, and 1-3-4. 30 Min. with total immersion of waterproof cement briquettes and show that after a small amount of water is taken up the permeation practically ceases. On the other hand in every cas> the plain cement briquettes very quickly take up 9 and 10 grams of water and are wet through. The accompany'ng photograph shows even be'ter than figurés the effect of the waterproofing, This was taken within half an heur after the half briquettes were spli', and shows } very, plainly the readiness with which the water permeates in 30 minutes the mass of plain cement briquettes, and on the other hand the great resistance given by the waterproofing, no ap- pearance of moisture being visible in the neat briquettes after total mersion for 48 hours. im- In the case of the' 1:2, 1:3 and 1:3:4 briquettes, those "made waterproof show, when split, that th: moisture has' not penetrated! mote than about one-eighth of an itich 'from the ex- térior surfaces, even after 48 and 72 hours, and in fact as log 4s im- mersed. On the othr hand the plain briquettes of similar make all show, 'large number <ot'- briquettes showing the effect:of water- 14 Days oe -30- Min. 24. Hours. -- 7 Days. -- 21 Dave eee am We. Gain. * Wt. Gain. Wt. Gain, We. Oh. Rn ue Plain Me ROT gee MG © ip 140s) GAGS GE. ne ae 26.0. 0 911.0 © 139.0 43.0 14010 44:0! M4 Ao8 1325 134. O7441 5 Ae? 14,0. 147.9 15:0 /148,0 1515 ee eny . Et | Waterproof, med lhe it a 136.0" + Bue SCA ay: aaa eon le a ae dhe 118551970 |. 2. : 3 ay 136.0 a ne 1.0, ae Ou 1.01870. 1-0 51300 0 00. ae 13 U3 SE SHOE I ay Erte . Half Briquetres. i 60.0: 60: 56" ate Oiiseildae senocdeicae soe URC ae fe 7 ee ee Nee ee re Brom, the above it will be seen that when split, complete pzrm«ation of "moisture wtihin 30 minutes to 2 hours. Such evidence as these 'occular dem- -onstrations is very convincing as to the resistance to water permeation which this waterproofing process im- parts to cement products of all kinds, 2. The requirement that the water- 'proofing must be. effective throughout 'the whole mass of concrete, is com- pletely satisfied in this prccess, since the latter is applied for waterproofing cement before delivery for use, and it is intended that such cement shall be used for the whole mass of concrete. Nor should the additional expense in using the cement, made waterproof by pis ©. 5 Min. _ 24 Hours. 48 Hours. 26 Days. Dry Wt. Wt. Gain. Wei Gain? . Wt. Gain. Wt. Gain. Wt. Gain. V2 : 138.6 142.1 3.00. 4 14208 4.2. 143.9 Bos 144.1 Ree ees 116 29 Tio 8 Zo 120.6 Sad 121.4 4.5 121.6 ART Os aie i : ; hee 13055 135.6 SL 136.5 6. 0. 136.9 6.4 136.9 Ot es 129.4 LoAa Se! 5.1 13555 On lee ea a. ek 135.9 Gio 78 oc ae ee 146.0 149.0 SU ch Nee ees 150.4 AS eck. eas 152.0 6.0 1:3:4 5 Days. 142 0 147.0 5.0) 148.0 6.0 148.5 6.0 ee 148.5 6.5 The above results were obtained this process, be a serious matter, con- sidering the great advantages result- ing from having the structural work in which it is used waterproof through- out. 3. That the waterproof treatment should be such that it can be applied in the manufacture of the cement is also most fully met. 'While the treat- ment is capable of being. applied to the finished cement at any time it is especially intended that it shall be ap- plied in the cement mills at the time of manufacture of the cement, and it is eminently adapted for application in this way. It will be appreciated that this is one of the many advantages the process possesses, and which sim- plifies the whole question of the use of a waterproof cement. : 4. There is nothing used in this waterproof process which individually, or collectively as combined, could in any way affect the keeping qualities of the cement, and no other precau- tions are required beyond those which apply to the storing and handling of ordinary cement. The only effect on the setting qual- ity of the cement is a favorable one in that the ingredients used favor the control of the initial set to some ¢*