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May, 1909 Monsieur Alfred Marion, of Brussels. This invention, which appears to ful- fil every practical requirement in a high degree, has been patented in all civilized countries. The sole right of working it in Germany, Austria-Hun- 'gary, Russia, and some other conti- nental states, has been secured by the firm of A, Borsig, of Tegel, near Ber- lin, while John Brown & Co., of Shef- field, have undertaken the manufac- ture of the chains in England. The..method .ob manufacture ig: shortly, -as follows:.. A: flat iton. par brought to a welding heat and wound up on itself in layers into a ring of rectangular cross-section is welded solid, and then by means of addi- tional rolls of suitable size and form is worked into a ring of circular cross- section. .By.means of a hydraulic press and swage, the ring is now made to take an oval form, and in the case of stud-link chains is*'at the same time provided with its stud, which is then shrunk tightly into place. Through this link now finished is reaved a sec- ond flat bar, which is brought to weld- ing heat, like the first one, and wound into a-ring, etc., as before.. Vigs, 1 and 2 show the various stages passed through in order to produce two com- plete links. Details of Manufacture. The details of the manufacture are somewhat as follows: The flat iron bars b--Fig, 3--are brought to a weld- ing heat in the furnace a. Directly in front of the furnace stands the wind- ing apparatus, consisting of the two pressing rolls c and d, the fixed man- dril f, and the guiding bracket e. The two rolls c and d, which turn in the direction of the arrows, wind the white-hot flat iron bar D mandril f, and in so doing weld it into Fic. 3--REEVING A LINK. . round the TAE Marine Review a solid ring. During winding the last: link of the finished chain is kept by-a°'-At the moment when the ring is com- holding appliance in Sich a position that the winding must take place through it, and the ring, when finished, hangs loosely in it. This ring, how- ever, is of rectangular section, and is accordingly, while still at the welding temperature, introduced into the round- ing rolls--Figs. 4 and 5--which stand in the close vicinity of the winding apparatus. The rounding machinery consists of three outer rolls 91, g2 and gs, and the: inner-roll h,- all-of which are formed to the half-rotnd section of the. chain. The roller gi is fixed; the axes of the rollers gz and gs, how- ever, can be advanced by hydraulic means in the direction of the arrows. The inner roller can also be raised and lowered, and can at the same time be adjusted in the horizontal plane. The manner of working is as follows: As soon as the rectangular-sectioned ring 4, which is still at a white heat, is introduced into the apparatus, the rollers gz and gs are pushed forward by hydraulic apparatus from their dot- 'ted positions in the direction of the arrows against the outside of the ring, and thus hold it continuously sus- pended. At the same time, the inner press-roller h is moved. in a downward direction from its dotted position un- til it lies exactly at the same height as the roller gu. der a very powerful pressure - radially against the latter. Since the roller g: turns at an extremely rapid rate, the square-sectioned ring is gradually rolled out to a round section by the closing together. of .the curved sur- faces of the rollers, the weld-surfaces of the bar forming the ring mean- while becoming more thoroughly uni- ted. A rag or fin is formed during this process at the place where the Fic. 4--RounpInc uP THE LINKs. Fic, _falls to the ground. It is then moved tin- 81. .two° rollers ft and gi' come together. pletely formed this is neatly pared off by means of two circular cutters, and Process Occupies Only Five Seconds. From the insertion of the flat iron bar in the winding apparatus to the completion of the roun«-sectioned ring the whole process above described occupies only five seconds, all the op- erations being effected in the most simple manner by hydraulic means. - The ring hanging in the last link is thus still at a bright red heat when it is inserted in a hydraulic press, and the concluding operations of giving its final oval form to the link and in- serting the stud are rapidly performed, The structure. of the link sections, given in Fig. 3, clearly show the man- ner in which these havé been built up of flat iron bars wound up on them- selves and the excellent character of the welding. oe It is, of course, clear that there must. be separate rolls and. press swages for each size of link, and that the various rolling machines must vary correspondingly in power. At the Borsig works three different sets of rolling apparatus are in action for chains of 25 mm. to 36 mm. (1 in. to 1%..1n.), 36 mm. to 51 mm. (36 1 to.2 in.), and 51 mm. to 90 mm. (2 in. to 3% in.) diameter of link metal re- spectively, It is evident that, provided the best of wrought iron be employed, ma- chine-made chains of this kind must. be of very excellent quality, and, com- pared with those made by the older methods, they are distinguished by the circumstance that all their links are exactly alike, so that they have a very even appearance. a8 = Moreover, on account of the press- ing of the ring into the oval form, there ensues, itis claimed, a strength- ening of the section at the ends of the link just where, by reason-of its con- stant friction against its neighbors, it is subject to the greatest degree of wear. The life of the chain is thus prolonged, and its trustworthiness is 5.--RouNDING ROLLS.