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174 will be noted from the drawings that the front bearer is formed in grate fashion so as to admit of the air going right through the bars. It will also be observed that the bars are square headed and rest on the underlip of the front bearer. There is also an im- portant alteration in the working pawl which gives greater leverage up to 196° on, Ui? and «mp te! 5; in. the lifting is much easter for the fire- men. The bars have also been made wider at the back than at the front, and also diamond shaped. The makers claim for this new style an even long- er life for the bars and besides im- proved steaming. And in this connec- tion it may be remarked that there are vessely under the White Star flag which were fitted with the older style of bars five years ago, and they are still in use, none of the bars having as yet had to be renewed. The White Star among other British lines have after a trial of the new 'design given them their approval, and are now adopting them through the whole of their fleet. These improved fire bars have already been fitted on some 200 steamers, and they have besides been adopted by the Cunard, as well as most of the lead- ing British and German companies. AUXILIARIES OF BULL STEAMER, The steering engine of the new steam- er, building at the Newport News yard for the A. H. Bull Steamship Co. of New York, described elsewhere in this issue, is being supplied by the Lidger- wood Mfg. Co., of New York, and is of twin-cylinder type with cylinders 7 in. diameter by 7 in. stroke. In general features it resembles the usual class of steering gear installed on vessels of this type, but differs materially in mat- ters of detail. Like all the machinery made by. this concern, the individual ° THE MariNz REVIEW parts are finished to gage, on the in- terchangeable part plan, the advantage of this being that in case of breakage or wear new parts can be procured and installed without loss of time. The gear worm is in two parts, this ar- rangement allowing for adjustment in case of -wear and _ preventing back lash in the worm wheet. Roller thrust collars are fitted at each end of the worm wheel. The cargo winches will have double friction drums, with extra large gypsy heads for general use on either outboard side. Each friction drum will be fit- ted with Lidgerwood double wood fric- tions with cork inserts. This type of friction drum for hoisting engines is handled exclusively by this company and has many advantages over the or- dinary types. Although having enor- mous holding power and easily operated they are not affected) by oil, water or other usually objectionable substance. The friction levers are connected to the cams by gear wheels in such manner that little effort is required to operate the drums. The vessel will carry five winches. " A special winch, located amidships, will be used in coaling the vessel. This winch will be operated by a single-cylin- der engine and differs from the others in that the shaft extends some distance on either side, carrying a friction drum and an extra large gypsy head at each end. MARINE WARNING SIGNAL. During the. dense fogs that pre- vailed in the harbor of New York at the close of Jast year much incon- venience and delay resulted from the difficulty encountered 'by the ferry boats in finding their slips, the large fog 'bells ordinarily employed, and stationed on the projecting ends of the ferry slips, proving at times in- Carco WINCH For BuLL FREIGHTER, June, 1909 audible a short distance out in the stream. @wing to the difficulty of locating the source of sound in a fog, the bells, when heard, but indifferent- KLAXON WARNING. SIGNAL. ly fulfilled their function, so far as guiding tthe ferries direct to the slips was concerned. With the object of improving on the fog-bell system a marine warning signal, specially de- signed for projecting sound in which- ever direction the apparatus is point- ,ed, was installed on the end of Pier 10, North River. 'This signal: was sounded at intervals of 10 'seconds, in the course followed by the ferries of tthe Central Railroad of New Jer- sey and its Atlantic -Highlands ex- press steamers, alternately. Actual tests' proved the sound was perfectly audible across the fiver and for a considerable distance down the stream, the source of the sound 'being always very definite. The docks were located without difficulty, as the pilots were enabled to quickly when they were deviating from the course by the diminution of sound when they ascertain were out of the range of the appar- atus. The inventor is now designing and about to construct one of. these signals, built on a large scale, for test, with the idea of permanent in- stallation on this pier,