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270 b0s~0 Ar CaEnTha THE MarRINE REVIEW Fig. 55 shows the outline of midship section of this vessel. The dotted line shows the difference between a rectangle and the midship section, The width of the vessel (60 ft.) runs from the bottom to the top of the tank side when it closes in towards the spar deck, decreasing the width of the spar deck 1 ft. on each side. ; This humble home (as it is termed) at the spar deck and round of bilge, as well as.3 in. rise of floor are clearly shown on this plan. The hold between the hoppers is 45 ft. and the side tanks 7 t--0. ins. making up the width of 60. ft. The dotted line drawn across this section at spar deck shows the 12 in. camber of beam and the short dotted line at center shows 4 in. below crown of beam, being one-third the round of beam, making the measurement of the depth at center above the tank top 27 sft. 2 in; W. L. shows the draught this vessel 'floats at when ready for sea. -- This is the water line for light dis- 'placement and when the vessel floats at this line she weighs 5,860 tons. Fig. 56 is. a longitudinal view of this vessel showing the draught for- ward and aft. The draught forward 4 ti 2 in. and ait: 6 ft. 7 in, which shows the vessel trimmed by the - stern. The difference of the draught is caused by the machinery and_ boilers being aft. When the vessel is loaded she sails to port on an even keel. Were this vessel completed. when launched, as shown by Fig. 57, she would push aside a quantity of water weigh- ing 5,860 tons. Fig. 57 is a good example of dis- placement. The foam shows the wa- the: ble to receive this water in some other cavity, such as a basin alongside the dock, and by having means to weigh same, it would be found that the water was equal weight to the vessel launched. in A simple way to prove this matter. is to fill a bowl with water and drop some obstacle which will float into the bowl. The water which overflows, if weighed, will be equal to the article dropped into the bowl, The cargo, 12,380 tons, put into this ship will sink her 13 ft. 714 in. This August, 1909 displacement unless water has been left in the water bottom. The light displacement can be ar- rived at by 585' X 60' X 6' -- 4%" X 0.94 --=5,860 tons 36 and the same calculation for the load displacement 585 X 60 X 20 X 0.94 oe ---- = 18,240 36 being the total light and loaded dis- placement, The gross register tonnage is 7,962 tons, but has no relation to the design. of the vessel. The gross register ton- nage may be found by multiplying the - displacement by 0.43. In other words, the gross register tonnage is 43 per cent of the load displacement. Displacement is always understood to be the loaded displacement, which the total weight of the vessel is and cargo. The gross register tonnage is ob- tained by finding the cubical contents of the vessel under the spar deck, plus the housing of the officers, crew, Round ae (iZEAM, | H/2e sal DacKk--\- Be 7 Me ee Seanl = al ae Bos ae TUMBLE Home us a. | ! 1 : | ; | ; Bo | | | co ae : " a Taak Sin ETeF, 27-3 ¥ 2 x | ae «4 " { eT tee es a to! aes ee ' ee Be een N gS os 3 DY -o Ww. 4), i | ¥ Tank (eP | eat : = : rN Us " S. | se ---- ee Oat eee bv Cre fh oe is termed the useful displacement, be- staterooms, 'space inside engine and ing the earning part. boiler casings, and other erections. Thirteen ft. 714 in. 'equals 163% mections 1, 2, 34, 5. 6, 7.8 and 9 12,380 Le show cross views of vessel at various ee = 76 tons. parts of her length. oe X% cee This section cannot be treated as a 11s result shows that it will Pee stectangle, so. that. ordinates have to 76 tons to sink this vessel 1 in. and is he run in, as shown by Fig. 59, the ae Bee inch immersion." method for calculating displacement. us will show that the displacement This method is in common use with varies owing to the amount of cargo put on board the vessel. ter being dislodged. If it were possi- should be any difference in the light 1 ¥ -- eee a bain! -- 4 ' | Ne ea Cae <a en 1 ' i 7 1 ' epee Bcd tof a 2. is #8 Ke ee cs 2 -- Bic, 56 There never - naval architects in figuring out displace- ment. Fig. 59 shows 234 ft. of the vessel and is divided lengthways into four equal parts, and vertically between keel and load water line into ten equal parts. The water planes are 2 ft. apart and the vertical section 58.5 ft, apart.