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346 THE Marine REVIEW View AFter Removinc Motp AND Berore Cuttinc Orr GATE AND RISER. oxide and set the iron free. The tem- perature produced by the reaction is very great, being approximately 5,000 deg. Fahr. It may readily be seen, therefore, that 'by allowing this su- perheated liquid iron to flow into a mold surrounding the ends of 'the sections to 'be welded together, it will amalgamate with them to form a perfectly solid piece when cooled. In order that best results may 'be ob- tained it is necessary 'to bring the sec- tions to be welded to a bright red heat before pouring the Thermit steel, 'as better amalgamation is thus ob- tained and the weld will be solid and free from iblow 'holes or other defects. The process has 'been extensively used in marine repairs, not only for the welding of stern frames, 'but also for crank shafts and rudder stocks. An interesting repair of the latter sort was carried out at Wilmington, Del., at the yards of Messrs. Harlan & Hollingsworth, on the rudder of the steamship Toledo, belonging to the Sun Company, Philadelphia. The rud- der in question consisted of a single steel casting, and its repair would have been entirely out of the ques- tion if it were not for the Thermit process, owing to the fact that the stock and part of the cheek of the rudder were cracked and it would have been necessary to make an entire new casting, which would 'have required at least two weeks, and per- haps longer. By using the Thermit 'process of welding, thowever, the original rudder was repaired and the entire operation finished in the re- markably short time of 43 hours September, 1909 from receipt of order. The repair was carried out in essentially the same manner as described for welding the stern post of the Arapahoe, and the accompanying illustrations show tthe various stages of the operation. WRECK OF STEAMSHIP OHIO, 'The Alaska Steamship Co.'s liner Ohio, was wrecked on a submerged rock in Finlayson channel, near Car- ter's Bay, British Columbia, about 2:00 A. M. Thursday, Aug. 26. The night was densely black and rainy, The Ohio was proceeding at moder- ate speed when she struck on the port bow, badly wrecking her forward compartments. She was immediately backed off the rocks and_ beached in Carter's 'bay, where she sank in six fathoms of water about 45 min- utes after striking the reef. In the interval all but five of the passengers and crew were landed in safety. Among those who lost their lives was Geo. C. Eccles, wireless telegraph operator of the Ohio. Ec- cles stayed 'by the ship to the last in an unsuccessful effort to secure assistance by means of the -wireless. The passenger list included 79 first class and 61. steerage passengers, 'The Ohio was in command of Capt. John Johnson. Other officers of the crew were Capt. R. B. Snow, pilot; RB. Cockran;.firstofieer; FE. Stuart, second officer; E. Raymond, chief en- gineer, and C. Dybdal, second assist- ant engineer. The Ohio was a steel ship built in 1873 at Cramp's yard in Philadelphia. CRUCIBLE AND Moip Box In PosiTION FoR MAKING Wetp ON RUDDER.