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October, 1909 TAE Marine KEVIEW 365 bottoms. Table III shows in detail the annual shipping of the port of Vancouver. Victoria. The Royal Roads is the name given to a large, semi-protected bay situated on the extreme south-west coast of Island, British Columbia. This bay has an area of six sq. miles, an average depth of 16 fathoms and is situated on a line bearing W % N from Point Wilson, Clallain county, Washington. The Royal Roads are guarded on the east by Albert Head and on the west by Clover Point. From the head of this bay lead two splendid, landlocked harbors surround- ing which is built the city of Vic- toria, British Columbia. The larger of these two harbors is known as Esquimalt and the smaller as Victoria Harbor. At present the commercial developments are almost entirely con- fined to Victoria harbor. - Esquimalt is the seat of a British navy yard Vancouver Fic. 6--Esqurmatt Harpor, Victoria, B. C. and is also the' site of several marine railways and ship repair firms. Esquimalt harbor is reached from the Royal Roads through a channel 3% of a mile wide, free from ob- structions and nine fathoms deep. The harbor itself, which is completely landlocked, has a water area of two sq. miles, a shore line of about six miles, an average depth of five fath- oms and a maximum depth of nine fathoms. ~The center of Esquimalt harbor is approximately three miles on a straight line from the custom house at Wharf and Government streets, Victoria. The shores of Es- quimalt are rocky but the anchorage, particularly at the eastern end, is good. Victoria harbor, which is much more intimately connected with the commercial activities of the city than Esquimalt, consists of -- three. parts; named successively the outer harbor, the inner harbor and the upper har- hor: The entrance. 1s sinuous and narrow, but has- 'been greatly im- proved iby dredging and blasting. All dangerous rocks and obstructions ex- cept Pelly Island have 'been removed. Fig. 5 presented herewith clearly shows the general layout of Victoria harbor. At present there is a depth of from 18 to 20 ft. at low tide ex- tending from deep water outside to the 'Canadian Pacific wharf in the in- ner harbor. The depth of the upper harbor is: from. 15 to 20 fi at tow water on the east shore and from 4 to 6 ft. on the west shore. The navigable area of the outer harbor or entrance is one sq. mile and the shore line is three miles. The area of the inner harbor is 55 acres and the shore line 4,500 ft. The area and shore line of the upper har- bor are 48 acres and 9,000 ft. respect- ively. The average tidal variation in Victoria harbor is about 7 ft. The velocity of the tidal currents in the narrows opposite Laurel point reaches approximately five miles per hour. At other points the tidal velocities are not specially noteworthy. Ocean going vessels do. not enter