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50 THE Marine REVIEW Fic, 5--SatmLtnc VeEssets DocKInG at SAN FRANCISCO. more than thirty years ago by the State of California through its commissioners for the sale of Salt Marsh, Tide and Submerged Lands. Approximately 900 acres of this submerged area, most of it north of the Union Iron Works, has been reclaimed and is now some of the most valuable real estate in San Fran- cisco. The other 1,600 acres, most of which lies south of the sugar refinery, in the vicinity of Islais Creek,. India Basin, Hunter's Point and South Basin, has not been reclaimed. This submerged area might have been very useful for building wharves in enclosed basins, but having been disposed of by the State, it is now held at such a high valuation as to make it almost prohibitive for the' State to acquire for harbor purposes. The pierhead line is reasonably parallel to and from 200 to 800 ft. outside the bulkhead line. San Francisco is notable for the large February, 1910 amount of deep water shipping that cen- ters in the port compared with that originating on inland waters connecting with the bay. This is due to the fact that the only inland water routes of consequence tributary to the bay are the San Joaquin and Sacramento rivers. The commerce of these two streams amounts to about 1,000,000 tons per year. On or near the shores of the bay, besides Alameda, Oakland and Berkley, are the flourishing towns of South San Francisco, San Mateo, Redwood City, .Palo Alto, Newark, Alvarado, Hayward, San Lorenzo, San Leandro, Fruitvale, Piedmont, Richmond, San Rafael, Tib- uron, Belvedere and Sausalito. On or near San Pablo Bay are San _ Pablo, Giant, Sobrante, Pinole, Rodes, Vallejo and Mare Island Navy Yard, while on the straits of Carquinez are Crockett, Eckley, Port Costa, Martinez and Ben- icia. Fhese towns are either directly on the bays or connected thereto by the Fic. 6--Coat Suips UNioaprnc Carco INto BUNKERS. Fig. 7--OakLanp Harnor, SAN FRANCISCO Bay. smaller navigable rivers, sloughs and creeks and together furnish a local com- merce amounting to 900,000 tons per year. The total commerce furnished by the inland waters of San Francisco Bay does not exceed 2,000,000 tons per an- num. Flourishing Deep Sea Commerce. The city's deep sea commerce is very flourishing. The coastwise business with Los Angeles, San Diego, Point Arena, Fort Bragg, Eureka, Coquille River, Coos Bay, Columbia River, Puget Sound and Alaska is particularly heavy. The coastwise lumber trade amounted to 907,166,000° ft. board measure in 1908, which was a notably bad year for the lumber business. In the same year. the fleet engaged in the lumber trade, which centers in San Francisco, consisted of 92 sailing schooners and 35. steam