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148 dissent were. raised from all over the. room. John Barrett, director of the inter- national bureau of American Republics, urged that the trade of the Argentine alone had doubled in ten years, and was still increasing by leaps and bounds. The United States, he said, was flirting with Europe, flirting with the Orient, and sit- ting in cozy corners with Germany and Japan, but letting, as~it were, our sister nations of South America be wallflowers. Ex-Congressman James Watson begged to differ with the remarks of Mr. Clews that it was the wisest policy for Amer- ica to buy her ships abroad. England is a free trader in everything but her shipping, he said, and America protec- tionist in everything but her shipping. That was the difference. A NEW DESIGN OF AIR PUMP. One of the undesirabble features of the ordinary design of wet air pump is the great difference in pressure on the delivery valves:and which is during a. part of the stroke equal to the total delivery head plus the highest vacuum Tur Escuir-Wyss Arr 'PUMP. and is still to be reckoned with even in two-stage pumps. Three-stage pumps have been proposed with a view of mit- igating this dificulty, but other disad- vantages involved in the design such as high cost of construction and main- tenance and greater frictional losses have prevented their adoption and the ordinary single-acting, single-stage buck- et type of pump has maintained its su- premacy for marine work, A new design, which is_ illustrated herewith, has been recently . introduced by the eminent Swiss Engineering firm of Escher Wyss & Co., Zurich, which combines the simplicity of a two-stage pump with the advantages of one hav- ing three stages. The pump is of the vertical type and the air and the water of condensation enter the suction space B together through the branch A. The piston ¢ uncovers the lower suc- oh. @réat | "2 valves L to the space M and during the _the spaces -imum pressure THE MarRINE. REVIEW tion ports D during the latter portion of its downward stroke so that the air can enter the space & above the piston and at the same time displaces the water of condensation collected in the lower part of the space 3 and by reason of the form of the chamber walls projects it through the ports 0 into the. space E. In these respécts it will be seen that the pump follows the well known Ed- wards form of construction. On its upstroke the piston C closes the ports D and cuts off communica- tion between the spaces E and B and compresses the air in the space E above the piston. Meantime, however, the pis- ton H will also. have closed the ports I, cutting off communication between the spaces G. and K. The air left in "the space G from .the previous cycle, therefore, expands. due to the upward movement of H and its pressure falls, while the pressure in the space E ih- creases. The pressures in spaces G and E therefore quickly reach an equilibrium allowing the valves F-to open easily, and from this point to the end of the upward stroke the spaces E and G form a common chamber. Owing to the fact that the displacement of piston vc is greater than piston H the expansion in the space G ceases and compression be- gins and the air in the spaces E and G is simultaneously and uniformly com- pressed. Towards the end of the up- stroke of course the water of condensa- tion above the piston Cis forced through the valve ports F into the space G. When the piston - Hl' has closed the ports Z, compression begins in the space K and proceeds 'until the pressure is enough: to» open the discharge last portion of the upstroke the water of condensation above the piston H is also forced through the valves L into the. space ©. At the upper dead point both the up- per valves L and the lower valves F close and with the reversal of move- ment expansion begins in the spaces F and K, each of which now forms a separate closed chamber, while compres- sion begins in the space G. When the descending piston H opens the ports I, G and K are put in commu- nication, consequently creating equilibri- um of pressure. Continuing its down- ward. movement into the common space K-G the piston H, due to its trunk con- struction, compresses the air until the pistons have reached their lowest posi- tion. At this point there exists in the space G the greatest pressure that ob- tains during the entire cycle, Such max- is, however, far less than the delivery pressure in the space April, 1910 -M. The difference in the pressure on the valves F is accordingly not nearly so great as if the valves L did not ex. ist. There thus exist three quite dif- ferent pressures in the spaces' E, G and M, and although this pump has only two sets of suction ports D and J, and two sets of delivery valves, F and . L, it is, in effect, a three-stage pump, and 'its valves are relieved in the best Pos- sible manner. In its whole construc. tion, however, the improved pump has 'the simplicity of the two-stage pump, and it is reported that it works abso. lutely noiselessly -at speeds of 200 R. P. M. and upwards and with small power consumption. WHITE STAR LINERS OLYMPIC AND TITANIC. The construction of these two ves- sels by Messrs. Harland and Wolff at Belfast, continue to be of public interest, the warrant for which is the fact that no steamers. have yet been built that will be able to 'approach them in size or for their luxurious ap- pointments. The Olympic, the first to 'be laid down, is making remarkable progress, and, although such unique structures must necessarily require long periods for the execution of the work at the various stages: of construction, so complete is the organization of the builders that it is understood the launching date is already fixed for Oct. 20 next. The vessel is already more than half plated and _ riveted, and-a view of the hull gives a very true impression of the progress that has been made, as the internal work of construction has also proceeded rapidly and simultaneously; several of the 'principal decks, such as the lower, middle, upper and saloon decks, are already plated, and the plating of the other decks is proceeding, also the construction of the partitions and houses on some of the decks. The engine and boiler casings are well ad- vanced, also the engine seating. The work on the Titanic is also proceeding apace, the stern frame be- ing now in position, and the construc- tion of these two vessels side by side, the two representing something like 120,000 tons displacement, is a record in shipbuilding, which speaks volumes for the enterprise of the White Star Line. It also affords evidence of the development of commerce and _ intet- course between the two hemispheres. This enterprise of the White Star company will not only secure to At lantic travelers ideal conditions for crossing the ocean, but also insure the continued supremacy of British shipping.