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176 latest design. Triple expansion engines having cylinders 21%, 36 and 59 by 39 in. stroke, supplied with steam by three large single ended boilers, working at 180 lb. pressure, have been fitted by the Northeastern Marine Engineering Co., Sunderland. THE HANDLING OF IRON ORE AT GLASGOW. The discharging of ore, especially Spanish ore, which is hard and lumpy, Tae Marine REVIEW these grabs special apparatus were fitted to one of the five-ton steam cranes on the quay, while the other grab required no fittings beyond the ordinary hook. The tipping bucket was worked by a similar crane. The grabs, however, weighed each about 70 per cent, while the weight of the tipping bucket was only 24 per cent of the gross load raised. One of the grabs required a drop of several feet to enable the teeth to penetrate the ore, the result being that when nearing the bottom of the hold, ; : May, 1910 should be noted that during the trials grabs were working under the best con- ditions for them--that is, with the ore directly 'under the hatch--and these con- ditions were maintained until the bottom of the hold was reached, whereas it jg only after the bottom of the hold has been reached that the: conditions are most favorable for working with tipping buckets. The trials did not show that the use of the grabs would be of any THE STEAMER PAULINA EQUIPPED WITH SIEURIN's DISCHARGING GEAR. entails a considerable amount of manual labor. In an ordinary vessel, 18 men are often employed in the main. hold. The work of filling the buckets is very arduous, and carried on with a consid- erable amount of risk of accident from lumps of ore falling out of the buckets when being hoisted out of the hatchway. A little time ago, some interesting ex- periments were made with three differ- ent kinds of automatic digger grabs, and one ordinary tipping bucket discharging iron ore at Queen's dock. For two of i there was considerable risk of damage to the tank top, and when within a few feet of the bottom, its use had to be discontinued. The cost of discharging 1,000 tons of ore varied as follows: For the first grab, £10 4s 9d; for the sec- ond grab, £14; for the third, £12 2s 10d; and for the tipping bucket, £19 lls; the corresponding times were re- spectively 35.7, 51.3, 43.1 and 29.4 hours. In comparing the work done by the grabs as against the tipping buckets, it ' advantage. There are many types of vessels engaged in the ore trade, some with small hatches with 'tween decks, and nearly all with engines amidships, necessitating tunnels in the after holds. Special types of ore carriers are, how- ever, now being built with the propelling machinery aft, and the holds and hatches constructed to facilitate the working of grabs and other systems of discharging with greater rapidity and economy. 4