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DEVOTED TO EVERYTHING AND EVERY INTEREST- CONNECTED OR _- ASSO- CIATED WITH MARINE MATTERS ON THE FACE OF THE EARTH. Published monthly by Penton Publishing Co. CLEVELAND. BUEFYALO..............-.932 Ellicott Square. CHICAGO... 632% +++..1328 Monadnock Blk. CINCINNATI.....First National Bank Bldg. NEW YORK... 3.0.3... 1005 West Street Bldg. PITTSBURG, acces ces cues 510 Park Bldg. re lors ss oe bce ease es 942 Henry Bldg. Correspondence on Marine Engineering, Ship Building and Shipping Subjects Solicited. Subscription, U. S. and Mexico, $1.00 per annum. Canada, $1.50. Foreign, $2.00. Single copies, U. S. and Mexico, 10 cents. Elsewhere, 15 cents. Back numbers over three months, 25 cents. Change of advertising copy must reach this office on or before the first of each month. The Cleveland News Co. will supply the trade with the Marine Review through the regular channels of the American News Co. European Agents, The International News Company, Breams Building, Chancery Lane, London, E. C., England. Entered at the Post Office at Cleveland, Ohio, as Second Class Matter. September, 1910 Tue Marine Review can be found on sale at the following news stands: H. J..-© Connor, 2: Ohio 'st.; Buffalo. R. J. Seidenberg, Ellicott Sq., Buffalo. J. H. Fleming, Chamber of Com., Buffalo. Postoffice News Co., 178 Dearborn st., Chicago. Frank Morris, 165 Wabash av., Chicago. James Dunne, C. N. W. depot, Chicago. Wayne Hotel, Jefferson and Third st., Detroit. Robert Schram, 115 Woodward av., Detroit., Geo. W. Sharpe & Co., 138 Griswold, Detroit. Frank Kleinschmidt, 652 Broadway, Gary, Ind. K. Kramer, Produce Exchange bldg., Toledo. Board of Trade News Stand, Boston, Mass. Revere Beach and Lynn News Stand, 350 - Atlantic av., Boston, Mass. Rowe's Wharf News Stand, Atlantic av., Boston. Staub's News Emporium, Exchange alley and Canal st., New Orleans, La. Hollei's News Stand, Commercial place, New Orleans. Hill's News Stand, Charles, near Canal st., New Orleans. J. Fine, Produce Exchange bldg., New York. Wm. Farrell, Battery pl. and Greenwich st., New York. J. Fuchs, 17 Battery pl, New York. Navy Yard News Stand, 1116 Eighth St., Washington, D. C. New. Willard. Hotel, Washington. Becker & Orndorff, 1427 Pa. av., Washington. C. F, Willersen, Washington st., Marquette. Pelissier's News Stand, Front st., Marquette. Lenox Hotel News Stand, Duluth. Spalding Hotel News Stand, Duluth. Edward M. Stone's Book Store, Duluth. Ferninand Ohlendorf, Galveston. Purdy Book Store, Galveston. Charles Deferner, Galveston, Weber & Plum, Seattle,' Wash. ! Lowman & Hanford, Seattle, Wash. Standard Book & Stationery Co., 'Victoria, B. C. F. LeRay, 1306 Government st., Victoria, B. C. Thompson Stationery Co., 325 Hastings st., Vancouver, B. C. Central News Co., 916 Pacific av., Tacoma. Oregon News Co., 147 Sixth av., Portland, Ore. THE Marine REVIEW The Navy In its contention that there should be no navy without a merchant ma- rine, THe Marine Review is not to be considered as opposed or inimical to our navy, for the contrary is the fact, but as emphasizing the incongruity of having a large and powerful fleet and no ocean-borne commerce for _ that fleet to defend. As Mahan says, "The necessity of a navy springs therefore from the existence of a peaceful shipping and disappears with it except im the case of a nation which has aggressive tend- encies and keeps up a navy merely as a branch of the military establishment." naval matters Every authority on makes the existence of a _ sea-borne commerce the condition precedent to the establishment of an armed fleet. Napoleon's greatest efforts were put forth to cripple, not England's navy, but her commerce; hence the growth and wonderful efficiency of that navy. Hence with no merchant marine a navy is without justification, and mon- ey spent therefor is literally cast into the sea. The Review hopes to bring this astounding, not to say humiliating, con- dition of affairs home to the people, that they may force their representatives in congress to immediate action which shall prove both effective and lasting as a remedy. The Revrew has expressed its opinion as to the management and operation of the fleet and it frankly recognizes the efforts economy in certain branches of ex- now making to secure penditure on board ship, such as com- petition in fuel consumption, and the substitution of the general store sys- tem afloat for the wasteful and inde- fensible semi-annual allowance which resulted in filling the store rooms with unused material to be landed at the end of the cruise, reappraised, at heavy loss, or else thrown on the dump as valueless through deteriora- tion. The Review is glad to see an awakening on the part of sea officers to the importance of saving at all points in order that a larger share of the naval 'appropriation may be avail- ble for purposes either of war or of preparation for war and it would be 1The Influence of Sea Power Upon History. 'different September, 1910 the last to stint the navy in those outlays which are requisite for main- taining a state of readiness that is half the battle. Whether or not our ships are equipped with many things that. might well be dispensed with at no sacrifice of actual comfort or of fighting qualities is another question into which it is not necessary to en- ter at this moment. In general terms the REvIEW and honors. the respects men on board our battleships who are so faithfully laboring for efficiency, so anxious to fit themselves and their weapons for any demand the country may impose. The navy ashore stands in a totally category. The department at Washington, the various shore sta- tions, navy yards, gun factories, and what not, should exist solely for the upkeep of the fleet. That is so self- evident as to need no demonstration, yet we find, on examination, that these numberless establishments owe their origin and development, in too many cases, to causes with which the fleet Has: Wo concern. On no possible ground of public welfare can the re- opening the navy yard at Portsmouth, N. H., be justified in view of its prox- imity (60 miles) to that at Boston; nor the founding of one at Charleston, S. C., where the forbid the entrance of a deep draught water approaches vessel or a wounded man-of-war un- duly immersed at bow or stern. A probable explanation may be found in the presence on the Senate naval com- mittee of two powerful politicians from the state mentioned. One of the ablest writers on naval matters, Admiral Sir Cyprian Bridge, R. N., lays down the rule under this head in unmistakable and timely words: "The general principle to be fol- lowed in the case of dock yards and similar, government establishments is to form and keep them on the small- est scale compatible with real re- quirements. No portion of the naval expenditure of a country should be scrutinized more closely or incurred with greater reluctance than that de- voted to their creation and expansion. Where the resources of a country ad- mit of recourse' to private industry, the desirability of permitting an over- flow of work from the government establishments to the latter should exert unceasing influence upon naval