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February, 1912 this time it had become quite clear that tonnage had been overbuilt and all construction since 1910 has been for shipping interests exclusively. Dur- ing 1911 the shippers built vessels of 55,000 tons capacity, while the inde- pendents built none, nor are there any vessels on the stocks on behalf of the independents for 1912 delivery, though four are under order or under construction for shipping interests. Tt should be added that the marvel- ous increase in loading and unload- ing efficiency during the past three years has been in a fair measure re- sponsible for the apparent surplus of ships, or what is the same thing, the inability of the independent fleet to find full employment. Their ef- ficiency has become so marked that sHips are spending very little time in port and are, therefore, enabled to make a greater number of round trips. This circummstance obviously works to the advantage of the shipper. © Below will be found a list of bulk freighters constructed on the great lakes since 1902. It will be noted that prior to the appearance of the Wolvin in this list all of the ves- sels are in the 300 and 400-ft. class. Since the construction of the Wolvin only one vessel less than 400 ft. in length, the R. W. England, has been constructed on the great lakes for the bulk freight trade; except, of course, the canalers, while 38 vessels of the 400 ft. and over, 105 vessels of the 500 ft. and over, and 25 vessels of the 690 ft. and over class, have been built. Bulk Freighters Built Since 1902. ' Length Carrying overall, capacity, - Name. feet. gross tons. A. 4G. Baower. oc 7.02, 366 4,800 G...J. GRAMMER. i .. 2 to, 366 4,800: ob. OM. 'SAUNDERS.. Ge. 400 5,500 W.: H. Grarwick. .23.. . 436 6,200 OW. We BRown:. 3.2... : 366 4,800 HS: WH KINSON 200. 2 390 5,000 JAMES GAYLEY §....05..5. 436 6,200 BRANSFORD?) ooo. us 436 6,200 PORURIA Coc es ea 434 6,200 Sonora seth ee eck oe 366 4 800 SULTANA Ges ee 366 4,800 Gi: W.: WATSON... 435.5. 400 5,500 Fe Ware Bart: one. 400 5,500 Wm. NoTTINGHAM........ 400 5,500 Aci Hue SREWART oc es "1376 5,000 LUZON © stele eet 366 4,800 STEEL RING. 4x. se oe 400 5,500 © Wa. FP Bitch. esc s 366 4,800 W. C. RicHaRDsoN....... 374 . 4,900 £°C. > Suite cis a: 434 6,200 ToOM. TENS. oer anes 434 6,200 HAROLD (Be NYE. Osce ie. 400 5,500. PAWay (ss chad as 366 4,800 TAMES Tt. PLOY? .5.. 2 ve bss 376 5,000 Frank H. GOoopyEar..... . 436 6,200 MOSES: TAYVEOR 1 oc. since 65 436 6,200 GrorcE B. LEONARD....... 400 5,500 Fis BX HAWC000 233.3 : 434 - 6,200 Joun 3B. COWLE...-...-:: 440 6 500 CHARLES BEATTIE ...--0++ 220 2,000 THOMAS ADAMS 2.15 -.<.% 376 5,000 *"Tabes S.. KEEFE! OS. 0s .5 5 208 2,800 W. Ft MACK in esis 374 4,900 Huritzgurt W. SMITH..... 434 6,200 SSINALOA © 3 cos eis ss eens 436 6,200 Rowert WALLACE .......-- 255 2,800 Axnk C-MINcH...°..>... 400 5,500 THE MARINE REVIEW Mocnron C.. Sire. .... 4. 400 5,5 C. M. Wareen fog 390 3250 JOHN LAMBERT: \. a. G x Ps 255 2,800 B.EYMAN SMITH. 4.7.4 2:.. 400 5,500 Do Go SERR GG ee, 468 6,900 SAXONA 4 <a eee 436 6,200 JOHN SHARFEES <7; ,....-. 255 2,800 WiILBERT EF. SMITH: ..... 400 5,500 JOHN "CRERARR iit. 259 2,800 ALBERT M. MARSHALL..... 255 2,800 Hi. .Gi (DALTON i 3 255 2,800 D,.) My (CLEMSON: 05.57... 468 6,900 Louis" WooDRUSF 43553. 0; 436 6,200 A; Des DAVISON die ec. 255 2,800 GEORGE: C.: BOWE sac... < 255 2,800 Ov UNG OPARPNITN ee Cie 200 2,800 JAMES .H. REID. 333..05 0. 3. 468 6,900 G. WATSON FRENCH....... 376 5,000 SONOMA" .o484 3036560: oi 436 6,200 FE: W.> GrecHrist 2.500%. 436 6,200 Je Lis WEEKS.4 ae rs 436 6,200 R.. Li ERELAND 6 na. ois 436 6,200: R. hs -SCHUCK 6 gees. 436 6,200 Po Be MIreer sess. SLD 4,900 WESTERN 'STAR 508 oc. 435 6,200 Prrry G. WALKER........ 436 6,200 Fork MGILCHRIST Fie 505 O55 436 6,200 HENRY (S.. SILE.t, ., be 436 6,200 WIUSCONSIN (asian eke: 434 6,200 Erwin FB. HOLMES «......3.. 434 6,200 Be Bi SQUIRE. ose eS 430 6,200 WINNEBAGO? 22 200.50 fe en 234 2,100 Joun O, HOWARD... 0:5... 241 2,500 GEORGE. 1. CRAIG... ce. 404 5,600 KENSINGTON: -oece coe ne. 380 5,000 UMBRIA As ee ee ce 440 6.500 FRANCIS WIDLAR ......... 436 6,200 Avucustus B. Wotvin..... 560 10,000 SAHARA ses eS eee aah 494 8,000 MARTIN: MULLEN .c oc. 1k 436 6,200 BALL BROTHERS. Ga se 500 8,000 Ri Ws: ENGEAND 4. 340 30s 376 5,000 Francis L. Ropsins.:.... 400 5,500 JAMES: -@) "WALLACE. ......+ 552 10,000 PeILip MANCH 4.04. Gans 500 8,000 SYVEVANIAU A ose rae 524 9,000 AMASA' STONE) (ois cies os 545 10,000 Ley Ge TANNA G Sines et 524 9,000 | Be Hig Gary See ee 569 10,500 SoM. CLEMENT. a ot 500 8,000 SOCAPARGAG iat oie ok on 524 9,000 LyMan Co. Swit 5s See 545 10,000 WB CoRbyaicteiin es aa 569 10,500 We AL PAINE: OV es 500 8,000 WA. ROGERS 6080 Gees 8 545 10,000 PowELt STACKHOUSE...... 524 | 9,000 Fe Co. PRICK. ce us oes 569 10,500 FOUN * STANTON) yy qates'es oer 524 9,000 JosepH G. BUTLER JR..... 545 10,000 PENDENNIS WHITE .....-. 436 6,200 WOK OSB ER BY sos oe eats 500 8,000 JAMES BU SWOODssci ees: 534 9,500 James E. Davipson....... 524 9,000 GrorGE H. RUSSEL........ 484 7,600 Hoover anp Mason....... 524 9,000 PETER ; WHITE 5 cos ects eee 524 9,000 FrRanK J. HECKER........ 484 7,600 W. GiviMArBER ote Ges 531 9,300 FRANK Co BALE. Sooo 550 10,000 Bick. "JONES. 365 4. eee 550 10 000 James P, WALSH.......-+ 500" 8,000 JosepH SELLWOOD ....++.- 545 10,000 E, «Di CARTER 2 boule ares 524 9,000 CwHarztes S. HEBARD....... 524 9,000 Lorrus CupDY . iv.¢e0 ee 545 10,000 ABRAHAM STEARN. 4 ,26.04- 545 10,000 ° Davin Z. NORTON....+...- 500 8,000 JoHN SHERWIN....-+e+0+- 534 9,500 Harry CouLsy .....+..- 569. 10,500 Harvey D. GOULDER...... 545 10,000 J. Prerpont MorGan...... 600 12,000 Henry B. SMITH......--- ~ 545 10,000 . Sir THOMAS SHAUGHNESSY. 500 8,000 I. J. EARLING....-+ +0008: 545 --«-10,000 CHARLES WESTON ....++:-> 569 10,500 Henry H. RoGERs........ 600 12,000 Wma... G. POLLOCK....-.-5- 440 6,500 'Ts Off RIpLe.S i eee: 552 10,000. JosHuA RHOADES ....++++- 440 6,500 A. Y. TOWNSEND..--+++5> 602 12,000 Norman B. REAM.....--- 600 12,000 Henry A. Hawoeoop....-- 552 10,000 Wan. E. FITZGERALD.....-. 440 6,500 D: Ro CPIANNA. << <3 ee 552 10,000: Peter A. B. WIDENER...-- 600 12,000 James S. DUNHAM....---- 440 6,500 D. J. MorRELL.....+.+-+- 602 12,000 SaMUEL MATHER ...------ 550.- 10,000 SHELDON PARKS .---+--:> 552 10,900 James F. Morrow....---- 440 6,500 GEN. GARRETSON .--+-e+-++ 540 10,009 W. B. Keer... s. see eee 605 12,090 WittiaM P. SNYDER...-.-- 550 10,000 JaMEes LAUGHLIN .-----:> 550 10,000 MICHIGAN. vee ce esses es 550 10,000 ISHPEMING ..ceee-cserees 550 10 000 FB. TS WALLACE. 2 225 ss - 445 6,700 J. H. SHEADLE.........-- $950 10,000 Joun MITCHELL ........- 440 6,500 EvGenE ZIMMERMAN SIERRA MATHEW Hucu Kennepy . J. He Bartow... Tuomas Lyncu . H, P. McIntosu. Henry Puiprs .. ; Leranp S DeGrarr..... ae - GeorGE F, BAKER. ANDREWS eee eer ee eee eeae Ceartes O, JENKINS...... HEMLOCK JAY + Cu MORSE... ane Oponau ; CALUMET Cyprus _ CRETE Warp AMES ee eee es ee eee eee ee eee ee eeoeeeeoee eo eee re eee ee eee eee eee eee et eeee coer eese Jo Js SULLIVAN oo ence < Epwin N. OnLt.. ArtHuR H. Hawcoop..... VERONA © O00 '9 06 8 ip Wma. A. Hawcoop ADRIATIC ELBA ee eos eee eee ee eee eee eet tw ene oe ee toes CHARLES W. KorcHer.... Tuomas BarLtuM CALDERA ee ore eee cece ewe es PuHomMas Eye Conk... ite. D. O. Mitisiecc Wo. B. Davock.. WILPEN MILINOKETT Joun J. Bovanp.. Jostan G. Munro Jacop T. Kopp... CuarRLes Huegsarp SMITH THOMPSON Joun Dunn Jr. . B. WAINWRIGHT Po BERRY .a0c: eee. J. J. H. Brown.. Joun A. McGran J Hi LUBSON . os eee eeeee cere eewe woe e wees oe eee roe eee twee eee ee tae ee eee eee ee eee eee Wma. H. TRUESDALE....... A. A. W. THOMPSON E. NETTLETON. ee eee eee eee eee ee WiitirAmM H. Wotrr...... Rvrus Py RANNEY «2s a. Howarp M. HAnna Jr... Joun A, DOoNALDSON...... W. R. WooprorD........ PRICE J. HonpbuRAs NoRMANIA M. McKinney F, DuRstTEN... erect ee A. BRADLEY... Oe ee eae. oye ee eee eee Harry A. BERWIND....... WILLIAM LIVINGSTONE Apam E, JAMES CORRIGAN . DaniteL B. MEACHAM..... TuHEroporRE H. WICKWIRE.. Frep G, HARTWELL....... Atva C, DINKEY. Eucene J. BUurrinctTon... ALFENA La BELLE eee ween CoRNELIUS...... eo erence eee ete ne ANDREW S. UPSON....... JOHN: J. BARLUM.6 33)... BrenyJAMIN NOBLE Isaac M. Scorr.. G. A. ToOMLINSON........ we A. S. ASHLEY.... ' Wo. -B. ScHILLER JoHN P. Morcan A. AUGUSTUS. Cuirrorp F. Morr SHENANGO DENMARK erent eee oor eeere Jee a Lronarp B. MILLER...... Joun Joun B. Cow te.. CuarLes L. HutTcHINsoN.. JosepH Woop A. PeTER REISS E. W. ONTARIO CHAMPLAIN Harry E. St. M. Byess.:... seees We. UTLEY... S: C. Moreranp. ee eee CUAIR: oricase PO REISS 714: ee eee eee wore wees eee reer eee ee wees see eens see eee ee © pc aees wae eee vee ee eee teense ee Turo. H. WickwireE Jr.. Weide OLCOTRs. ¢ care ne co Won. B. Dickson. Wma. P. PALMER.. Wiis L. Kinec.. Norway | ee cor ecere eee vesee Oe eee S878 . Wma. C. AGNEW... 6.04. ; THOMAS WALTERS Quincy A. SHAW Tuer HARVESTER . Cot. J. M. ScHoonMAKER. W. J. Snyper JR . 460 500 458 552 524 600 540 600 605 600 524 440. 605 552 440 440 440 552 440 552 552 440 569 440 552 440 552 440 440 500 524 4 605 552 440 574 524 500 552 500 460 458 524 569 440 452 440 524 452 524 545 524 440 500 . 400 552 452 452) 256 440 480 S557) 557 440 550 550 464 524 600 600 374 524 400 524 256 524 524 524 600 600 524 464 607 524 524 545 524 524. 524 524 524 600 465 465 550 465 550 605 605 600 524 552 600 524 545 617 617