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126 e gun. The closure of the circle was made by the last 15 or 20 piles, which 'were set and then driven together. The closure was made in the perimeters of the cylinders on the outer face of the cofferdam. Two three-way piles were set in each cylinder, about 16 piles out- side the line of the ellipse passing through the cylinder centers, and one at the middle of the exterior arc. The first two were for the short arcs joining the cylinders; the other for use should emergency require. After the cylinders were driven they were filled with clay from the harbor bottom, the soft matter . being wasted and only the hard utilized, The cylinders as driven were not all in contact at the theoretical points of tangency. To hold the fill in the sec- tors within the adjoining arcs one to three palm piles, 45 ft... long, were Griven between each pair of cylinders at a point slightly nearer the interior of the cofferdam than the theoretical point of tangency. To increase: the holding power, a rip-rap base was made inside and the pile tops were fastened to the adjacent cylinders with wire rope. © Process of Unwatering When the cofferdam was completely filled, the process of unwatering began. The main deck of the Maine, as far as it remained in place, together with the 'captain's cabin in the superstructure, were exposed when the water reached 12 ft. the deck and floor of the. cabin were found to be covered to a depth of arom 3 it to 5 it. with a deposit. of jaad.. iis was cleared away. . The metal of the Maine exposed was found to be badly corroded. In a box on the after turret were found a. quantity of web belts with bayonets in their scab- bards attached and with cartridges in their pockets. Electrical action had ap- 'parently set in between the steel of the bayoncts and the cartridge cases which had rotted the steel completely and dez, posited a portion of it in the form of an iron oxide on and around the car- tridges, making of the belts, scabbards and cartridges a solid mass. Similarly an officer's sword had been eaten away completely at the junction of the blade and the hilt. It was found that only the. forward part of the vessel had been shattered by the explosion. The after part of the vessel from frame 54 aft, a length of about 122 ft., measured along the berth deck, was but little damaged. In fact, not even the electric light bulbs in this -part,of the ship were shattered by the explosion, the terrific force of which in the opposite direction had shattered tiles in the floors of houses on the Ha- vana waterfront. Forward of frame 41 the Maine was entirely destroyed, for a distance of about 60 ft., nothing THE MARINE REVIEW could be seen. Further forward was a twisted mass of steel out of line with the after portion of the wreck, and re- taining no semblance to a ship. Bulkheading the Stern The forward portion of the wreck was cut up into manageable sizes with the oxy-acetylene torch and disposed of in deep water. tically intact, it was possible by build- ing a wooden bulkhead between frames 42 and 43 to remove it by floating it. The bulkhead was finished recently, and when everything had been made water- tight, the filling 'of the cofferdam by cpening up the sluice gates in the steel cylinders was begun. As the wreckage had been lying in the harbor about 14 years, the stern was deeply imbedded in mud. It was considered advisable, therefore, not to depend entirely upon the buoyancy of the incoming water to leosen the wreckage from its resting place, and twenty-nine holes were ac- cordingly bored into the bottom of the ship, fitted with flanges and, pipe and connected to pumps, which forced water under considerable pressure down through these holes and underneath the ship. This water succeeded in loosen- ing the vessel from the grip of the mud and clay in which it rested. Water from the harbor was admitted into the cofferdam very slowly uritil the Maine rose on a fairly even keel: then the rate of filling was increased until the battleship reached the normal level of the harbor like a boat passing through a canal lock. The ship was securely moored on either side to prevent her from swinging in against the sides of the cylinders and doing damage. Two of the twenty clay-filled cylinders were then removed to form an open water- way for the passage of the hulk out of the cofferdam and then, as stated, under escort of the cruisers North Carolina and Birmingham, she was towed out to sea by the naval tug Osceola, assisted by two local tugs, and buried, thus ending an unhappy incident which led to a war between two peoples. Two Whaling Steamers J. ££, Duthie & Co, Seattle, Wash, started their ship building plant late in 1911 and took over the old Fulton Machine Works and erected their ship building plant at East Waterway close to the Chicago, Milwaukee &: Puget Sound railway docks. The company is now building two steel whaling steam- ers and one steel steam halibut fishing boat. The contract for the two whal- ing steamers was secured in November, 1911, and the boats will be delivered in April to the Alaska. Whaling Co., with headquarters at Minneapolis, Minn. The whaling steamers are both iden- 'radius of 3,000 miles. The stern being prac- . oil April, 1912 tical in construction and of the fol- | lowing dimensions: Over all, 105 ft.; beam, 19 ft. 6 in.; depth, 11 ft. 10 in, The hull is of steel throughout and built according to Lloyds requirements, The boats carry oil for fuel of sufficient quantity for an approximate steaming The propelling machinery consists of a triple-expansion engine of the Marshall gear type. Steam is supplied by a Scotch marine boiler with two furnaces fitted for burning under natural draught. The oil burners are of the Dahls system for mechanical atomization of the fuel oil, The steamer is equipped for hunting whale in the Alaskan waters and is equipped with the most modern type of gun and winches for this class of work. The gun was imported from Norway, but the whale hunting winch is designed and constructed by the firm and is of a special type. Both frames and bed plates are of pressed. steel plates. «The beats are fitted with steam steering gear and carry one life boat and one pram. The boat . is fitted with two staterooms forward and space for the fishing crew and also two staterooms and. saloon aft; galley and mess room are located about amid- ship, pilot bridge and chart house di- rectly above. The designed speed of the boats is_ 12 miles per hour. The steel steam halibut fishing boat is building for the San Juan Fish & Packing Co. and is of the following dimensions: Length over all, 141 ft: beam, 25 4% 6-in.; depth, 13 ft: Sheviis _of the awning deck type with a raised quarter deck, carries 12 dories and is equipped with wireless. One winch aft and. one winch forward are _ installed to take care of the dories and' cargo. The fish hold is located forward. The machinery is all aft. The crew's quar- ters forward between decks; galley, mess room and engineer's quarters aft between decks; deck crew's quarters be- low main deck aft; captain's cabin, mates' and wireless operators' cabin on awning deck. The vessel is equipped with steam windlass and steam steering gear. The rudder is of the semi-balanced type. The propelling machinery consists of a triple-expansion marine engine of about 650 h. p. Feed, bilge, air and circulating pumps are all attached to the main engine. Steam is supplied by a Scotch marine boiler, 13 ft. diameter by 11 ft. 6 in. long, and built to pass the United States inspection for a working steam pressure of 180 Ibs. per adhere is fitted . 5-kw. of the turbine type. square inch. generating set The engine room is also equipped with a donkey pump and a double acting piston pattern air Pump takes care of all the steam when the vessel is in port.