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282 guesses at that part of the cost, us- ually he does the latter as being the - easier. ~ : : On account: of: this lack of data, it is impossible to turn over the es- _timating to a separate department all LINOLEUM, LAYING. THE MARINE REVIEW for future use. Even with these qualities, a man must be given con- siderable experience before he can be expected to become a reliable es- timator, because the untrained man is apt not to see all of the work + SPECIFICATION DATE LABOR | MATERIAL Large job. Take up old linoleum & lay new Per sq.ft. Data from J.0.160-D-1/642 - 7728 sq.ft. on gun deck. / pmall job. Take up old and lay new. Per sq-ft.. J.0.1312-D-1/641 - Commissary issuing room - 94 sq.ft. considerable waste. la/e5An jo7 | jae Bfe7fh 140.) 41s Pics) at once. It is also usually necessary to train the personnel of this depart- ment before it can be expected to give good service, because men of the requisite experience and judgment, without further training, will not generally be found available in the establishment. This was the situation which con- fronted one of the industrial divis- ions of a navy yard several years aso. Tie first step taken was to select two men as the nucleus for the estimating section personnel. It was considered especially important to make good selection to begin with in Order not to discredit the work of the estimating section at its in- ception. The principal qualities looked for in these men were general tech- nical knowledge of the work done by this industrial division of the navy yard, actual working knowledge of at least one trade, good judgment, RUBBER, SHEET. involved in doing a job. The combination of these qualities ean best be found in drattsnien of more 'or less extensive experience, who have at Some time in their ca- reers worked at a trade. Two drafts- DECK LIGHT, 9". September, 1912 purpose, because the foreman of this shop had in his files more complete and reliable cost data than any other foreman. It is well to begin in this manner father than with a _ shop which in the past has used the guess- ing method, so that the estimating department may be broken in to build up estimates in the correct manner, namely, from unit costs, and will not also slip into the guessing habit. Data files should be started at once; and such meager unit cost data as may be found in the fore- ~ man's office should be transferred to the estimating department. The be- low-mentioned data files are kept in the estimating section of the estab- lishment referred to. Unit Operation Costs . These records are kept on 3-in. byo Sain. cards, as' shown in. Vig. 1. The «data: on these cards are com- piled from analyses of jobs done in the past, elementary time studies, and data taken from the shop route sheets. If a piece work schedule is in effect, the rates should also be kept in this file. Elementary time studies are the most reliable sources ef nit operation costs. A specilic example will best ulustrate the meth- SPECIFICATION | WEIGHT Frame, brass, Ring, , 8 bolts and nuts, Rubber grommet, 12 lbs. 15 02% b.502 2208. Rie. 3 men meeting these requirements were accordingly detailed for this work, and have proved excellent selections. With. a nucleus of this character me- chanics, even if they do not possess UNIT DEES icATION DATE | PRICE lbs| Pure sheet rubber, 3/16" 7 | 26/ 00 ee " oo ae 1/22/12 1 04 Bie. 2 and the ability to work systematical- ly: -The last mentioned quality is especially important in connection with analyzing and recording data of actual cost in such form that they will be reliable and readily available all of 4hese, qualities, can be added when the volume of the work. ne- cessitates additions to the force. To begin with, the estimating for ene shop only was taken over. The ship-fitting work was chosen for this od of obtaining data in this manner. A particular scarcity of unit op- eration costs of plumbing an4 pipe fitting work was found. The records contained, of course, -an- abundance of reliable data giving the total labor COSt "OF jobs asa whole, sucli; for example, as the cost of installing plumbing fixtures, replacing corrod- ed sections of piping systems on the Various ships, ete. These costs were, however, valueless for making esti- mates (since the exact duplicate of a previous job is rarely met with in this class of work), because they did mot furnish the unit cost of 'the many operations involved in all k:nds of plumbing work, such, for example, as breaking and re-making joints on a particular size of pipe, and ina particular location oh a ship, Fo provide such data, therefore, a detailed record was kept every day : ;