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HH, AP iuy 4 UH =e i 1 ily 1} fa tll =) we | 7 iN AML ab i A | iV { e ee | li MEAT TM TET i rr i , wi ~ eet = CEE p HAA ee -- SS THE \ ee Z = : | Ag g x \ AX : A (f y \ SE a ar Z | iN 7 ~ maT TTT TT FUT TM -- Witirae | 1 THe' SOs PP ar Gr 7 Wr A q WS. a Z 2 ea SS | re | Sr | ; r 7 1 cy ita Hy rn General Average, Principles and efit at the expense of those who are cylinders and Shelby seamless special- > Practice in the United States of Amer- ica; by Ernest W. Congdon; 220 pages, 6 by 9 in.; Baker, Voorhes & Co., New York, publishers. Ernest W. Congdon, the author of this work, is a member of the Associa- tion of Average Adjusters of the United States. He states in the pref- ace that it was his aim in compiling this handbook to give ship owners, merchants and others interested in shipping a brief outline of the estab- lished principles of general average in the United States and of the man- ner in which claims of that nature are in practice dealt with. To those ad- vanced in knowledge of the subject it 'may serve as a handy reference. Those who wish to make a thorough study of this important branch of the maritime law must be referred to text books and decisions of courts. The most frequently occurring instances of general average are touched upon in the different chapters. desires the reader to divest his mind of any erroneous impression which he may have gathered that general average has any necessary connection with or is dependent upon insurance. The law of general average had its foundation in equity and its elementary principles were practiced long before insurance was introduced. It applies only to shipping and is a part of the established law of the sea as dis- tinguished from the law of the land. General average, the doctrine of which is part of the maritime law of all na- tions, and to which government prop- erty as well as private property is subject is not dependent upon con- tract, although the rights to it can be varied by contract. It rests upon the equitable principle that whatever vol- untary loss is sustained for the benefit of all parties to a common mari- time adventure must be borne by all in proportion as those interested are benefited. It is, however, a sine qua non that the party claiming contribu- tion in general average must come with chean hands to be able to en- force it, this rule being founded on the time-honored principle in law that the wrongdoer cannot derive any ben- The author innocent. The claimant' to be suc- cessful must either 'be innocent or be made so in the eyes of the law by valid contract if negligence of his ser- vants is involved. Book of. Standards; published by the National Tube Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.; 559 pages, 4 by 6% in.; price $2.00. The present edition is the first since 1902, and though it contains over 550 pages, is not quite five-eighths of an inch thick, as it is printed on Canter- bury Bible stock. The information incorporated has made it strictly a pipe handbook and as such it is be- lieved will find an immense use with the trade. The index will be found to be very complete, being thoroughly cross indexed and there are approxi- mately 4,000 references in the index. Several pages are devoted to a de- scriptive article covering the main process' of manufacturing both welded and seamless tubes, also giving infor- mation in regard to the threading, durability and physical properties, etc., of both "National" pipe and Shelby seamless steel tubes. There are a number of pages which give weights, dimensions, threads per inch, test pressure, sections of joints, specifications, etc., of the various kinds of pipe and tubing made. Tubular electric line poles receive considerable attention; the informa- tion given will help an engineer in understanding more about tubular poles which are being used by many of the larger cities as a medium for better service, better appearance, etc. Various types of joints are described and illustrated. Full tabular informa- tion is given for poles from 22 to 40 feet, showing lengths of sections, size of butt, weight, thickness, greatest load pole will carry, etc. Several pages describe, illustrate and contain tables in regard to lap weld and seamless tubes, Upset: and ex- panded, wrought pipe bends, butted and strapped joints, bump joints, valves and fittings, including various kinds of nipples and flanges, hand railings and ladders, working barrels, ties. Considerable prominence is given to articles on strength of tubes and cylinders under internal fluid pressure and collapsing pressures. Both of these papers are very complete and have 'been extracted from papers by Prof. R. T. Stewart, dean of mechan- ical engineering department, Universj- ty of Pittsburgh, and read by him be- fore the A. S.1M. E. Several of the formulae are compared and results of actual tests are given. Tables are given which show the probable col- lapsing and bursting strengths of standard tubes. These articles and tables will prove of immense benefit to the mechanical engineer, especial- ly in the connection with boiler en- gineering problems. An article covering pipe used as col- umns is given, tables are supplied - showing the use of standard, extra strong and double extra strong pipe based on the New York building code as well as the Chicago building ordi- nances. Considerable attention is given to the mechanical properties of solid and tubular beams, of usual and usus- ual shapes. As tubing is finding con- siderable usage in the mechanical field, notably in automobile construction, this data is particularly useful. This article is accompanied by tables giving the mechanical properties of solid and tubular beams of uniform cross section, various conditions of loading are illustrated and formulas are shown to secure their physical properties values. Unusual shapes are illustrated and formulas given to secure their properties as beams or columns. Chapters are supplied giving infor- mation in regard to water, gas, steam and air. It has not been the inten- tion to go very deeply into these various subjects, only in so far as they concern tubular products. 'A' special table is shown by means of which it is possible to find directly the weights of nearly all sizes and thickness of steel tubing up to 36 in. in diameter. By means of factors weights of various other metallic tub- ing can be found.