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May, 1913 the water line is reached. this trouble is met it is necessary to either remove part of the circulating capacity or to install two baffle plates the length of the dry pipe, and place them about 18 in. from each side of the dry pipe to stop the water which, due to its velocity, flows along the shell to the baffle plate, where it is stopped, and has to drop down, thus preventing the water from entering the dry pipe. It is evident, therefore, that when this strong circulation' is brought about in a boiler that the thermal ef- ficiency of the boiler is increased be- cause the circulation scours off the dead air. filament which adheres to the hot surfaces of the boiler, and permits the water to absorb the heat liberated from the plates more readily, thus preventing the overheating of the plates and consequent crystalliza- tion, especially at the combustion chamber end of the furnaces, where either the rivets are a constant source of trouble or the top of the furnace cracks, due to the lack of circulation and equalization of temperatures throughout the boiler. Furthermore, it is an_ established fact that when water is heated to a temperature of 300 degrees Fahr. or over that all organic matter con- tained in it will precipitate due to the specific gravity of the organic mat- ter being so much greater than the water at that temperature. Therefore, it is evident that the feed water be- ing fed to a boiler equipped with the Eckliff circulators must not be liberat- ed anywhere 'but at the extreme bot- tom of the boiler, as this becomes the settling chamber for all the foreign matter carriedinto the boiler, because the circulator intakes are 4% in. from the bottom of the boiler, and the feed water on entering the boiler being at a much lower, temperature than the water contained in the boiler precip- itates instantly to the bottom and re- mains there until it: absorbs the sur- rounding temperature which it feceives almost instantly. It then rises again to the level of the circulator intakes where it then enters to be swiftly con- veyed to the upper parts of the boiler. Therefore, all scale formation in the boiler is prevented if the space from the shell to the surface of the intakes of the circulator at the bottom of the boiler is kept free from the sludge which accumulates at this point so as to permit the feed water to precip- itate the organic matter contained in it before it reaches the circulator in- takes. A perforated blow-off system consisting of three pipes is supplied to remove this residue. These pipes are provided with slots Where THE MARINE REVIEW properly spaced and the total area of same being not quite equal to the area of the blow-off pipes, thus re- moving the sludge equally from the entire settling chamber of the boiler. Summing up the above, the fol- lowing benefits will be derived through use of the Eckliff automatic boiler circulator: The equalization of throughout the boiler. The dead air filament removed from the hot. surfaces. The thermal efficiency of the boiler increased. A great fuel saving effected. Scale formation . minimized. ° Pitting,' grooving' and. : furrowing, furnace cracking,' breaking of stay temperatures 'bolts. are entirely eliminated. Leaky girth seams stopped 'at once, as the circulator commences its' ac- tion as soon as. fire is applied to the furnaces, and continues to act as long as heat is being liberated from the top.of the furnaces. 183 Studying Rivers and Harbors That the new terminals in the United States may be satisfactorily equipped according to the printed "Conclusion" of the last International Congress of Navigation, namely, "the mechanical tranferring of miscellaneous cargoes from the vessel's hold or from the ves- sel's deck or from the pier's side to all areas embraced within the terminal limits." - H. "MeL. Harding, chairman of the, commission, consulting engi- neer, department of docks, New York City, has sailed for Europe to make an extensive study at the. river ports and railway terminals where the latest types of mechanical. appliances are . employed in the transferring, of miscellaneous cargoes and package freight. Mr, Har- ding will also visit the works where freight handling appliances are manu- factured. " Herbert K. Oakes, of Cleveland, has purchased the steamer D. M. Whitney ® "THE "SHIPPING EXPERT" AT WORK ltt i e oars, 3 ' ey eee ---- = eet --. -- c L ere eee --~-- cr SS of ee -- = : r os ~~ -_---- - G, : re we fe I ane amenities ae | ba ai --_--_---- * ee £ - Gosek oeamg a te - eae oe: oT | ae ads -- ms --* ma -- » oe ee ' ----_--$__----_ tt --_-- ' a ---- . ----<-- o = nS ae », oan We a om i me -- -- ' ee _ -- --= --- --_-- ---- a - e --_ ee ee tee Expert:--I_ say, Cap'n, that's a powerful fog horn. Captain:--Eh? What?