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204 of railway, was estimated at $3,250,000 to $4,300,000, or approximately $1,000,- 000 per mile for single track. SUBMERGED VIADUCTS--WEIGHT AND 'BUOYANCY OF TUBES WITH CON- CRETE LINING FOR ONE, TWO, THREE AND FOUR TRACKS Pounds per lineal foot of tube. One Two 'Three Four track. tracks. tracks. tracks. Tube displacement 'te ped fl 4% 450 $20. 1/200 15580 Weht. of metal. 5,000 9,000 13,000 17,000 Weght of conc.. 20,000 36,000 53,000 70.000 Total weht;...: 25,000 45,000 66,000 87,000 Buoyancy ..4.55 28000 52,000 76,000 100,000 Net buoyancy.. 3,000 7,000 10,000 13,000 Moving load 3,000 6,000 9,000 12,000 The Clyde's Largest Dredger The Balari, launched last month by Wm. Simons & Co., Ltd. to the order of the commissioners for the Port of Calcutta, is the largest dredger yet built on the Clyde. The hull of the vessel is constructed with a central bow well through which the suction pipe is operated. Owing to the great volume of drift sand and silt of very light spe- cific gravity deposited in the Hooghly during the flood season special consid- eration had to be given towards provid- ing appliances which would efficiently retain this light material, and prevent a large percentage of loss in the over- flow from the hopper when dredging operations were in progress. The dredger has accordingly been fitted with Simons patent sand trapping ar- rangement. It is common knowledge that harbor authorities using suction hopper dredg- ers for dredging sand bars in rivers and harbors have for many years been endeavoring to find some means to ac- celerate the depositing of the dredged material in the hoppers, and _ thereby reduce the loss in overflow which is always considerable and frequently be- comes excessive after the hopper gets more than half full. The Simons patent sand trapping arrangement is most ef- fective in its action in reducing the loss in overflow to a minimum, and _ has been fitted by the builders in other dredgers of their construction, with eminently successful results. To assist in keeping a large vessel of this kind at her work when exposed to the strong currents of the River Hooghly the dredger has also been fitted with Simons patent arrangement 'of hydraulic steering jets fitted at bow of vessel. Dimensions of Dredger This dredger, which is 333 ft. in length by 54 ft. 6 in. by 22 ft. 3 in, has a hopper capacity of 71,600 cu. ft., and has been specially designed for the unique character of the dredging to be done on the Hooghly. The hull and machinery are constructed to Lloyd's highest class. The main deck is of steel, sheathed with teak. Steam and THE MARINE REVIEW hand steering gear is fitted, and a very complete installation of electric lighting is provided, including two searchlights. The propelling and pumping engines are placed in two independent compart- ments. The propelling power is sup- plied by two sets of triple expansion surface condensing engines, embodying all the latest improvements in marine engine practice, including steam and hydraulic reversing gear, steam turning gear, independent circulating pumps, automatic feed pumps, feed heaters and filters, large evaporators for feed water make up, and a complete outfit of aux- iliary feed and bilge pumps. Steam is generated by four large single-ended horizontal multitubular boilers, con- structed to Lloyds rules for a working pressure of 180 Ibs. These boilers are designed with ample surface for burn- ing Bengal coal under forced draught. An ash ejector is fitted in the stoke- hold. The pumping outfit, placed for- ward of the hopper in an independent engine room, consists of one set of triple expansion engines, with independ- ent condensing plant and _ circulating pumps, complete with all modern fit- tings. The pump engines are coupled direct to a centrifugal sand pump spe- cially designed to raise and discharge about 5,000 tons of sand and silt per hour. The pump is connected to a suction pipe, placed in a well at fore end of the vessel, being fitted at upper end with a massive swivel bend, which serves as a trunnion or hinge upon which the pipe is free to move vertical- ly. The suction end of the pipe is fitted with a specially designed nozzle to suit the character of the material to be dredged while a gird is also fitted to the nozzle to exclude material which might choke or damage the pump. The suction pipe is controlled by a steam winch placed on deck. Auxiliary Equipment The discharge pipe from the sand pump is carried aft of the hopper. One of the outstanding features of the deck equipment of this dredger is the extensive and powerful installation of mooring winches to regulate the movements in the rapid currents of the River Hooghly. The bow winch has four large in- dependent wire rope drums for working long lengths of heavy steel wire rope. The winch is driven by a vertical high pressure engine, the gearing through- out being of steel. In addition at bow a very massive windlass is fitted, hav- ing four independent cable-holders and two warping ends. At the stern a large windlass is fitted having two \in- dependent cable-holders and two warp- ing ends of extra large dimensions. | A large workshop is fitted under deck June, 1913 so that all general repairs may be effect- ed on board. The outfit of machine tools is very complete, and consists of lathes, shaping machine, radial drill, etc., also smith's forge, with mechanical fan, all driven by electric motors, The Balari has been constructed un- der the direction of J. Angus, engineer and London agent to the Calcutta port commissioners, assisted by Robert An- derson, Renfrew, resident inspector. Passenger Steamer Noronic The passenger and freight steamer Noronic, building for the Northern Navigation Co., at the Port Arthur yard of the Western Ship Building & Dry Dock Co., was launched on June 22: he steamer, is built: on the Isherwood system up to the spar deck and is of the following dimen- sions: Beneth voverdll. 200. ek oes 385 ft. Length between perpendiculars.. 362 ft. Breadth, molded 20 ec eon cc 52 ft: pth ert cea eee sa ep ahora s 28 ft. 9 in, There are seven hatches on main deck, five forward of passenger gang- way and lobby and two aft. There are four holds for cargo sep- arated by watertight bulkheads to main deck in addition to the usual wa- tertight bulkheads at peaks and coal bunkers. Entrance to the vessel is by five 7-ft. gangways with the usual double doors as now fitted on package freight- ers, in addition to the passenger and engine room gangways. A full equipment of cargo-hoisting gear of the standard line shaft and double friction drum type, serving all hatches with two 12 in. sq. high-pres- sure engines. The cabin accommodations and fin- ish are as per this company's prac- tice, being an improvement on the other vessels. There will be 600 first class passen- gers and seating room for 300 in a 102 ft. and 46-ft. dining room. The observation room is located so that passengers enter it on leaving the dining room. This vessel has five decks, viz.: Main deck, 14 ft. 6 in. above the tank top; spar deck, 10 ft. above main deck; promenade, observation and boat deck, 7 ft. 8 in. apart, and wood deck house, 7 ft. 3 in. above boat deck. The height from the keel to the bridge is 62 ft. 6 in. All the steel above the spar deck is arranged in the usual way. The propelling machinery consists of a four-cylinder, triple-expansion en- gine, 29.5, 47.5, 58 and 58 in. cylinder